After conducting in-depth research, our 11+ e-learning experts and educator have compiled this list of Best Udemy Python Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available…
11+ e-learning experts and educator have compiled this list of Best Udemy Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available online for 2020. This list consists of best-seller courses available on Udemy. This compilation has helped over 3500+ students and employee already and is updated every 15 days.
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Assessment centres are a series of exercises commonly used by employers to test skills not readily assessable from an interview alone. Assessment centre is a method used particularly in military or management.
Mission Statement can be defined as a sentence describing a company's function, markets and competitive advantages. It is a short written statement of your business goals and philosophies. It defines what an organisation is, why it exists and its reason for being.
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MIS is the acronym for Management Information Systems. MIS is a set of procedures which, when executed, provides information to support decision making. MIS is a software system that focuses on the management of information technology to provide efficient and effective strategic decision making.
4 methods of human resource accounting are 1. Historical Cost Method 2. Replacement Cost Method 3. Present and Economic Value Method 3. Asset Multiplier Method
Human Resource Accounting is about identifying and measuring data of human resources. It is used to develop a financial assessment of people in the organization during a particular time period. It is also about evaluating the economic result of investment in people.
There are various problems and challenges faced in Performance appraisal. Broadly, problems in performance appraisal are categorized into 4 types: 1. Judgment Error 2. Inappropriate appraisal methods and forms 3. Lack of training 4. Ineffective implementation
Definition: Performance Appraisal Process is a well-thought step by step approach of evaluating the performance of the employees. Performance Appraisal Process Below are the performance…
The Training Process consists of well-planned step by step process that should be adopted while deciding a training program.Training is an investment made by an organization with the objective of achieving some desired results.
Training refers to programs and procedures undertaken with an attempt to improve current or future employee performance. Let's now look into types of training. Types…
Human Resource Planning is a process that forecasts the company’s future manpower demand by analyzing the current supply and the gaps if any. The ultimate mission or purpose of Human Resource Planning is to align the future human resources to future organizational strategies and needs so as to maximize the future returns on investment in human resources.
Types of Contract in Business Law Broadly, types of contract are divided into 3 types: On the Basis of the Mode of FormationOn the Basis…
The Indian Contract Act mostly deals with the general principles and rules governing contracts. The Act is divisible into two parts. The first part (Section 1- 75) deals with the general principles of the law of contract and second part (Sections 124-238) deals with certain special kinds of contracts
Business Law is also known as Commercial law or corporate law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals with issues of both private law and public law.
Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value.
What is SOA? Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural approach in which application components makes use of a collection of services available in a…
5 Pirates and 100 Gold Coins: There are 5 pirates (in strict order of seniority A, B, C, D and E) who found 100 gold coins. They must decide how to distribute them.
Rat and Poison Puzzle 1: You have 1000 wine bottles, one of which is poisoned. You want to determine which bottle is poisoned by feeding the wine to the rats. The poisoned wine takes one hour to work. How many rats are necessary to find the poisoned bottle in one hour?
Tutorial Topic: what is non verbal communication, Definition, Elements, Types and Tips. What Is Non Verbal Communication? Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of…
In oral communication, spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. In oral communication, communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Oral communication means spoken communication or communication through speech.
The barriers to business communication are anything that interferes in the communication process as a consequence of which the message may not be received by the receiver as was intended by the sender.
7 C of Communication are Completeness, Conciseness, Consideration, Clarity, Concreteness, Courtesy, Correctness. The 7 C’s of Communication is a checklist that helps to improve the professional communication skills and increases the chance that the message will be understood in exactly the same way as it was intended.
Public relations is a unique management function which helps organizations to establish and maintain mutual lines of communications, understanding, acceptance, and cooperation with their public(s). Public relations are a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
Cloud computing advantages are Cost-saving, Better performance, Automatic software updates, Unlimited storage capacity, Mobility, Increased computing power. Cloud Computing Disadvantages are Internet connection is required, Performance can vary, Technical issue, Security Threat etc.
Cloud Computing Definition: Cloud Computing refers to configuring, manipulating, and accessing the software resources and hardware remotely. It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application.
A price ceiling can be defined as the price that has been set by the government below the equilibrium price and cannot be soared up above that. A price floor is said to exist when the price is set above the equilibrium price and is not allowed to fall.
According to Prof. Thomas, “The supply of a commodity is said to be elastic when as a result of a change in price, the supply changes sufficiently as a quick response. Contrarily, if there is no change or negligible change in supply or supply pays no response, it is elastic.”
The cross elasticity of demand can be defined as a measure of a proportionate change in the demand for goods as a result of a change in the price of related goods.
An increase in the income of consumers increases the demand for the product even if the price remains constant. The responsiveness of quantity demanded with respect to the income of consumers is called the income elasticity of demand.
The concept of price elasticity of demand plays an important role in the functioning economies by having a significant contribution in the field of industry, trade, and commerce.
The price elasticity of demand of a product reflects the change in the quantity demanded as a result of a change in price.
The extent of responsiveness of demand with change in the price does not remain the same under every situation. The demand for a product can be elastic or inelastic, depending on the rate of change in the demand with respect to change in price of a product.
Price elasticity of demand is a measure of a change in the quantity demanded of a product due to change in the price of the product in the market. It can also be defined as the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price.
In economics, the elasticity of demand is a degree of change in the quantity demanded of a product in response to its determinants, such as the price of the product, price of substitutes, and income of consumers. There are three types of elasticity of demand: 1. price, 2. Income, 3. Cross elasticity of demand
Market power define as the ability of an organisation to raise the market price of a good or service over marginal cost to achieve profits. It can also be defined as the degree of control an organisation has over the price and output of a product in the market.
Market structure can be defined as a group of industries characterised by number of buyers and sellers in the market, level and type of competition, degree of differentiation in products and entry and exit of organisations from the market.
In economics, Market failure occurs when there is an imbalance in the quantity of a product demanded and supplied, which leads to an inefficient allocation of resources.
Revenue is the total amount of money received by an organisation in return of the goods sold or services provided during a given time period.
Long run cost refers to the time period in which all factors of production are variable. Long-run costs are incurred by a firm when production levels change over time.
Economies of scale refer, as a firm expands its production capacity, the efficiency of production also increases. It is able to draw more output per unit of input, leading to low average total costs.
Short Run Cost refers to a certain period of time where at least one input is fixed while others are variable. In the short-run period, an organisation cannot change the fixed factors of production.
10 Types of Costs - Opportunity, Explicit, Implicit, Accounting, Economic, Business, Full, Fixed, Variable, Incremental.
There are different types of production functions that can be classified according to the degree of substitution of one input by the other. 3 Types of Production Functions: Cobb Douglas, Leontief and constant elasticity substitution (CES) production function.
Production function can be defined as a technological relationship between the physical inputs and physical output of the organisation. It is a statement of the relationship between a firm’s scarce resources and the output that results from the use of these resources.
Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is a curve that shows the alternative combinations of two goods and services by using all the available factor resources, efficiently. In economics, the Production Possibility Curve provides an overview of the maximum output of a good.
In economics, Production is a process of transforming tangible and intangible inputs into goods or services. Raw materials, land, labour and capital are the tangible inputs, whereas ideas, information and knowledge are the intangible inputs.
Demand forecasting can be effective if the predicted demand is equal to the actual demand. The effectiveness of demand forecasting depends on the selection of an appropriate forecasting technique. Each technique serves a specific purpose; thus an organisation should be careful while selecting a forecasting technique for a particular problem.
Demand forecasting is a process of predicting the demand for an organisation’s products or services in a specified time period in the future. Methods of demand forecasting are broadly categorised into two types.
Demand forecasting is a process of predicting the demand for an organisation’s products or services in a specified time period in the future. Demand forecasting is helpful for both new as well as existing organisations in the market.
An indifference curve can be defined as the locus of points each representing a different combination of two good, which yield the same level of utility and satisfaction to a consumer. Therefore, the consumer is indifferent to any combination of two commodities if he/she has to make a choice between them.
The law of diminishing marginal utility states that as the quantity consumed of a commodity continues to increase, the utility obtained from each successive unit goes on diminishing, assuming that the consumption of all other commodities remains the same.
Consumer demand analysis is a process of assessing consumer behaviour based on the satisfaction of wants and needs generated by a consumer from the consumption of various goods. The satisfaction that consumers gain out of the consumption of a commodity or service is called utility.
The level of satisfaction derived by a consumer after consuming a good or service is called utility. In economics, utility can be defined as a measure of consumer satisfaction received on the consumption of a good or service. The concept of utility is used in neo classical Economics to explain the operation of the law of demand.
Movement in the supply curve is when the commodity experience change in both the quantity supply and price. The shift in the supply curve is when, the price of the commodity remains constant, but there is a change in quantity supply due to some other factors.
In economics, supply curve is a graphical representation of supply schedule is called supply curve. Supply curve can be of two types, individual supply curve and market supply curve.
In economics, a Supply schedule is defined as a tabular representation of the law of supply. It represents the quantities of a product supplied by a supplier at different prices and time periods, keeping all other factors constant. There can be two types of supply schedules are Individual and Market supply schedule.
The law of supply states that the relationship between price and supply of a product. According to the law of supply, the quantity supplied increases with a rise in the price of a product and vice versa while other factors are constant. The other factors may include customer preferences, size of the market, size of population, etc.
Supply does not remain constant all the time in the market. There are many factors that influence the supply of a product. Generally, the supply of a product depends on its price and cost of production. Thus, it can be said that supply is the function of price and cost of production. These factors that influence the supply are called the determinants of supply.
Supply is an economic principle can be defined as the quantity of a product that a seller is willing to offer in the market at a particular price within specific time. The supply of a product is influenced by various determinants, such as price, cost of production, government policies, and technology.
Movement in the demand curve is when the commodity experience change in both the quantity demanded and price. The shift in the demand curve is when, the price of the commodity remains constant, but there is a change in quantity demanded due to some other factors.
In economics, a demand curve is a graphical presentation of the demand schedule. It is obtained by plotting a demand schedule. The demand schedule can be converted into a demand curve by graphically plotting the different combinations of price and quantity demanded of a product.
Demand function represents the relationship between the quantity demanded for a commodity (dependent variable) and the price of the commodity (independent variable). There are mainly two types of demand functions: Linear and Non Linear function.
In economics, a demand schedule is a tabular representation of different quantities of commodities that consumers are willing to purchase at a specific price and time while other factors are constant. The demand schedule is of two types: Individual Demand Schedule and Market Demand Schedule.
The law of demand is given as, “If the price of a product falls, its quantity demanded increases and if the price of the commodity rises, its quantity demanded falls, other things remaining constant.”
Determinants of demand are the factors that influence the decision of consumers to purchase a product or service. What drives demand? In economics, there are 10 determinants of demand for individual and market.
Demand refers to the willingness or effective desire of individuals to buy a product supported by their purchasing power. Demand is generally classified based on various factors.
In economics, Demand is a relationship between various possible prices of a product and the quantities purchased by the buyer at each price. In this relationship, price is an independent variable and the quantity demanded is the dependent variable.
Inflation can be defined as the persistent increase in the price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. If the rise in prices exceeds the rise in output, the situation is called inflationary situation.
The Business Cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the fluctuations in economic activities or rise and fall movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. Business Cycle can also help you make better financial decisions.
Marshall gave laws of economics definition as Laws of Economics or statements of economic tendencies, are those social laws, which relate to branches of conduct in which the strength of the motives chiefly concerned can be measured by money price.
Economics is divided into two branches, namely: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics deals with the economic problems of a single industry or organisation, while macroeconomics deals with the problems of an economy as a whole.
Business Economics is playing an important role in our daily economic life and business practices. Organisations face many problems on a day to day basis. For example, organisations are always concerned with producing maximum output in the most economical way.
Earlier, the scope of economics was limited to the utilisation of scarce resources to meet the needs and wants of people and society. Over the years, the scope of economics has been broadened to many areas.
Similar to the economics definition, there are a number of controversial issues related to its nature of economics. Some economists consider economics as a science, or economics as a social science while others have a believe economics as an art.
Economics is the science that deals with production, exchange and consumption of various commodities in economic systems. It shows how scarce resources can be used to increase wealth and human welfare.
Expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management in 1964. Vroom's Expectancy Theory separates effort, performance and outcomes. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory has assumed four assumptions. Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence.
Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, also known as the two-factor theory and dual-factor theory was coined by Frederick Herzberg in 1959. He argues that there are two factors that influence the motivation of the employee in the organization.
Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory in psychology in 1940. Maslow categorized the five needs into higher and lower orders. Lower-order: Physiological and safety. Higher-order needs: Social, esteem, and self-actualization.
Motivation is an inner psychological force which activates and compares the person to behave in a particular manner. Motivation theories are categories into two: content and process theories.
Motivation is defined as inner burning passion caused by need, wants and desire which propels an individual to exert his physical and mental energy to achieve desired objectives. Motivation is goal-directed behavior.
Attitudes are evaluation statements either favourable or unfavourable or unfavourable concerning objects, people or events. They reflect how one feels about something.
Theories of learning have been developed as models of learning which explain the learning process by which employees acquire a pattern of behavior. Four Theories of Learning are: Classical conditioning theory, Operant conditioning theory, Cognitive learning theory, Social learning theory.
Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience. There are two primary elements in learning definition: The change must be relatively permanent and change must occur due to some kind of experience or practice.
Perception is the process by which a person interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. It is a cognitive process by which people attend to incoming stimuli, organise and interpret such stimuli into behaviour.
Personality is a pattern of stable states and characteristics of a person that influences his or her behaviour toward goal achievement. There are four theories of personality: psychoanalytic theory, type theories, trait theories, self theory.
The word personality is derived from a Greek word “persona” which means “to speak through.” Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that forms a person’s unique identity. It signifies the role which a person plays in public.
A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and structures on behaviour within organisations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an Organisation's effectiveness.
OD interventions are the building blocks which are the planned activities designed to improve the organisation’s functioning through the participation of the organisational members. OD innervations include team development, laboratory training, managerial grid training, brainstorming and intergroup team building.
Planned change or developmental change is undertaken to improve the current way of operating. It is a calculated change, initiated to achieve a certain desirable output/performance and to make the organization more responsive to internal and external demands.
Organization Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's 'processes,' using behavioral-science knowledge.
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a simple corporate planning tool, to assess a company’s position in terms of its product range. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a portfolio management tool created in 1970 by Bruce Henderson. It is also referred to as the BCG growth-share matrix.
The value chain model is also known as Porter’s Value Chain model. Analysis is a business management tool that was developed by Michael Porter and described in his popular book Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance in 1985.
Strategic management process is a method by which managers conceive of and implement a strategy that can lead to sustainable competitive advantage. It is the process of managing, planning, and analyzing in order to reach all organizational goals.
Strategic management can be described as the identification of the purpose of the organisation and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose. It is that set of managerial decisions and actions that determine the long-term performance of a business enterprise.
Brand equity is the value of the brand in the marketplace. We can say, the total accumulated value or worth of a brand. Financial accountants define brand equity as the total value of a brand as a separable asset and often called brand valuation or brand value.
Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model is also known as Keller's Brand Equity Model. CBBE concept is that the power of a brand lies in what customers have learned, felt, seen, and heard about the brand as a result of their experiences over time.
Strategic brand management process involves the design and implementation of marketing programs and activities to build, measure, and message brand equity. Strategic brand management process has four main steps .
Brand Management is the function of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the product’s perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity. The process of maintaining, improving, and upholding a brand so that the name is associated with positive results.
Majorly there are four methods for pricing determination strategies: 1. Cost based pricing 2. Break-Even Concept 3. Demand based pricing 4. Pricing related to the market.
New product development process plays a crucial role in deciding the future of the organisation. Every product has a life of its own and it becomes obsolete after a certain period of time. It is essential to develop new products or alter or improve the existing ones to meet the oft-changing customer needs.
Demand forecasting is an attempt to estimate the future level of demand on the basis of past as well as present knowledge and experience, to avoid both under production and overproduction. Without forecasting, forward planning will be directionless and meaningless.
The buying behaviour of organizations that buy goods and services for use in the production of other products and services that are sold, rented or supplied to others. Organisational buying is also called institutional buying and when the products are used in their own production process, the buying process is called industrial buying.
Consumer behaviour refers to the actions of consumers in the market place and the underlying motives for those actions. Marketers expect that by understanding what causes consumers to buy particular goods and services they will be able to determine which products are needed in the market place, which is obsolete, and how best to present the goods to the consumers.
Marketing Environment is the combination of Internal factors and the External factors and forces outside marketing that affect top-level management’s ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with its target customers.
Marketing management process consists of four key stages, namely Market analysis, Marketing planning, Implementation of the marketing program, Control of the total marketing efforts.
Marketing Concept is the philosophy that an organization should analyze the needs of their consumers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs, better than the competition. There are five different marketing concepts: Production, Product, Selling, Marketing, Social Marketing Concept.
Marketing Mix: The set of controllable tactical marketing tools – product, price, place and promotion – that the firm blends to produce the desired response in the target market. The mix consists of 4Ps, product, price, place and promotion.
Market Segmentation is the sub-dividing of a market into homogeneous subsets of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected on a market target to be reached with a distinct marketing mix. Types of market segmentation are geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation.
A CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools mean any tool used to automate some activity associated with software development. Some of these CASE tools assist in phase-related tasks such as specification, structured analysis, design, coding, testing etc.
Risk management aims at reducing the chances of a risk becoming real as well as reducing the impact of risk that becomes real. Three activities in risk management are risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation.
COCOMO (Constructive Cost Estimation Model) model was proposed by Boehm (1981). According to Boehm, software cost estimation should be done through three stages: Basic COCOMO, Intermediate COCOMO, and Complete COCOMO.
Software maintenance is the process of modifying a software system or component after delivery to correct faults, improve performances or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment.
An entrepreneur is one who always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity. Innovation is the basic tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for different business of service.
Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business along with any of its risk in order to make a profit. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs.
A good software design implies clean decomposition of the problem into modules and the neat arrangement of these modules in a hierarchy. The primary characteristics of neat module decomposition are low coupling and high cohesion. Cohesion is a measure of functional strength of a module.
Software design deals with transforming the client requirements, as described in the SRS document, into a form (set of documents) that is suitable for implementation in a programming language.
At a technical level, software engineering begins with a series of modeling tasks that lead to a complete specification of requirements and a comprehensive design representation for the software to be built. The first technical representation of a system which is the analysis model, actually a set of models. There have been many methods proposed for analysis modeling.
A software requirement specification (SRS) is a comprehensive information/description of a product/system to be developed with its functional and non-functional requirements. The software requirement specification (SRS) is developed based on the agreement between customer and supplier.
The requirements elicitation and specification phase starts when the feasibility study phase is completed and the project is found to be technically and feasible. The goal of the requirements analysis and specification phase is to understand client requirements and to systematically organize these requirements in a specification document.
Evolutionary model is also referred to as the successive versions model and sometimes as the incremental model. In Evolutionary model, the software requirement is first broken down into several modules (or functional units) that can be incrementally constructed and delivered.
The spiral model is a software process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model. Barry Boehm mentioned the Spiral model in this paper (1986).
A prototype model is a toy/demo implementation of the actual product or system. A prototype model usually exhibits limited functional capabilities, low reliability, and inefficient performance as compared to the actual software.
In Iterative waterfall model, the feedback paths are provided from every phase to its preceding phase. In practice, it is not possible to strictly follow the classical waterfall model for software development work. In this context, we can view the iterative waterfall model as making necessary changes to the classical waterfall model so that it becomes applicable to practical software development projects.
The classical Waterfall Model was the first Process Model. It is also known as a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is very simple to understand and use. Classical waterfall model is the earliest, best known and most commonly used methodology.
A software development life cycle (SDLC) is a series of identifiable stages that a software product undergoes during its lifetime. A software development life cycle model (also called process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle.
This Tutorial Introduction to Software Engineering covers what is software engineering, software engineering definition, what is software, characteristics of Software, difference between software and program, types of software,…
Tutorial: UnGuided/Wireless Transmission Media, types of unguided/wireless transmission media, advantages of unguided media, Radio Waves Definition, Uses, Examples, microwave definition, example, application and advantages of Microwaves,…
Tutorial: Guided/Wired Transmission Media consists of types of guided media, types of twisted pair cable, twisted pair cable advantages and disadvantages, twisted pair cable diagram, coaxial cable…
In data communication, a transmission media in computer networks is a physical path through which transmitter(sender) transmits the data to receiver i.e; a channel through…
What is Transmission Modes? Transmission mode refers to the process of transferring the data between two devices connected over a internet or network. It is…
Tutorial Topic: Network Topology Definition, features, example, diagram, network topology advantages and disadvantages of all the types of network topology - Bus topology, Ring topology,…
What is Line Configuration? Two or more devices connected through a link is a network. A link is a transmission path through which data is…
A computer network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending or receiving data from the other node/device through the network.
Introduction One of the most common and prominent questions every fund manager is asked is “Which is the most viable investment option? Is it stocks…
What is Business Communication? Business communication is the expression, channelling, receiving and interchanging of ideas in commerce and industry. In simple words, Business communication is the…
Executive Development is an ongoing process that helps managers gain knowledge, skills and abilities to handle current situations in a more efficient manner and get matured to handle future challenges successfully.
Introduction The key difference between IMF and World Bank lies in their respective purposes and functions. The IMF and the World Bank seemed to hand…
Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Market segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) are the basic tools used by the marketers. Each customer has different needs, wants and…
Our e-learning team and educators have done in-depth research to come up with this list of Free + Best Coursera Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and…
Introduction Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis are not the methods that are restricted to investing in shares used by lots of different types of traders…
A sales territory represents a group of customers or markets or geographical areas. Sales territories are geographical area that can be covered conveniently and canonically by a sales person.
sales quota is a quantitative goal assigned to a sales unit relating to a particular period of time. A sales unit may be a territory, a branch office, a region, a distributor or a person.