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In oral communication, spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet.
Effective verbal communication skills include more than just talking. Verbal communication encompasses both how you deliver messages and how you receive them.
Grapevine communication is defined as unstructured and Informal network formed on social relationship rather than organizational charts.
Public speaking is a talk given to a large gathering. It is given on various occasions. Its aim is usually to encourage, appreciate, congratulate or entertain; it is usually followed by applause from the audience.
Communication is the process of passing information and understanding the same from one person to another. Thus, communication means to understand information, facts or opinions of someone.
What is Business Communication? Business communication is the process of expression, channelling, receiving and interchanging of ideas in commerce and industry. Business Communication In simple…
Our Digital Marketing Team have compiled this list of Best TikTok Course, Certification, Tutorial, Training and Class available online for 2021. These Excel Courses are…
Soft skills is a term often associated with a person's Emotional Intelligence Quotient, the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, managing people, leadership, etc. that characterize relationships with other people.
Our global e-learning expert and business professional have compiled this list of Best Excel Course, Certification, Tutorial, Training and Class available online for 2020. These Excel Courses are suitable for beginners, intermediate as well as experts.
Communication is the process of passing information and understanding the same from one person to another. Thus, communication means to understand information, facts or opinions of…
11 Digital Marketer and E-learning experts have compiled this list of Best Digital Marketing Course, Certification, Tutorial, Training and Class available online for 2020. These best udemy digital marketing Courses are suitable for beginners, intermediate as well as experts.
Our team of global programmer and e-learning expert has done extensive research to come up with this list of Best Data Science Courses, Certifications, Tutorial, Degree and Training are available Online for 2020. These include free and paid learning resources and are relevant for beginners, intermediate learners as well as experts.
A team of 11+ global programming experts have done in-depth research to come up with this compilation of Best Udemy Python Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available online for 2020. These python courses are suitable for beginners as well as experts.
Introduction One of the most common and prominent questions every fund manager is asked is “Which is the most viable investment option? Is it stocks…
Executive Development is an ongoing process that helps managers gain knowledge, skills and abilities to handle current situations in a more efficient manner and get matured to handle future challenges successfully.
Introduction The key difference between IMF and World Bank lies in their respective purposes and functions. The IMF and the World Bank seemed to hand…
The growing use of the Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Process (STP) has occurred as a direct result of the prevalence of mature markets, the greater diversity in customer needs, and the ability to reach specialized or niche segments.
Our global e-learning team and educators have done in-depth research to come up with this list of Free + Best Coursera Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available online for 2020. This list consists of best Coursera courses and most enrolled courses available on Coursera
Introduction Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis are not the methods that are restricted to investing in shares used by lots of different types of traders…
A sales territory represents a group of customers or markets or geographical areas. Sales territories are geographical area that can be covered conveniently and canonically by a sales person.
sales quota is a quantitative goal assigned to a sales unit relating to a particular period of time. A sales unit may be a territory, a branch office, a region, a distributor or a person.
It is a detailed examination of sales volume by territory, sales person, customer, product line, etc. It works on the principle that the trends of the total sales volume conceal rather than reveal the market reality. Researchers reveal that in most organizations a large percentage of customer order territories bring in a small percentage of total sales.
Sales control function assists the manager in ascertaining which level of sales has been achieved, why there has been a variance, and which remedial action can be taken to achieve the target results
Sales managers must be aware of the types of expenses that are incurred both before and after the sale as well as the sales revenues generated. Budgeting becomes a key task of sales management. It is also known as a blueprint for making profitable sales.
How recession started? According to the assumptions and reports of honorable IMF chief economist and ex- RBI governor Mr. Raghu Ram Rajan. US and China…
Emotional Intelligence is all about self-management, self-awareness, and understanding people around. The major aspect of emotional intelligence is relationship management.
Assessment centres are a series of exercises commonly used by employers to test skills not readily assessable from an interview alone. Assessment centre is a method used particularly in military or management.
What is Performance Counselling? Performance Counseling refers to the help provided by a manager to his/ her subordinates in objectively analyzing their performance. It attempts…
What is Performance Monitoring? Performance monitoring may be defined as the process of appraising an environment of continuous learning and development. It will be done…
Asset management is a consultancy service offered by banks or firms, which discusses, oversees and manages the assets of a person or entity. On the…
A marketing plan is a written document that summarizes what the marketer has learned about the market place and indicates how the firm plans to reach its marketing objectives. It is one of the most important outputs of the marketing process.
4 Market Entry Strategy: Rapid Skimming, Slow Skimming, Rapid Penetration, Slow Penetration Strategy
Pricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services, and may be part of the business's marketing plan.
Models of Communication: AIDA, Levidge and Steiner, Hierarchy of Effects, Innovation-adoption, Information Processing Model
Advertising is a paid form of communication in which the sponsor or the brand owner has made payments to the media to carry the message through their set of media vehicles.
Personal selling is a promotional method in which one party (e.g. salesperson) uses skills and techniques for building personal relationships with another party is personal selling, here both parties obtain value.
3 Types of Sales Promotion: Sales Promotions Directed at Consumers, Trade Partners, Sales Force
Sales promotion is a marketing discipline that utilizes a variety of incentives techniques to structure sales related programs targeted to consumers/trade/ and or sales level, that generate a specific measurable action or response for a product/ service.
Competency Mapping is defined as the process of identifying the key competencies, which have the ability to do something efficiently & achieve the goals of the organization & make the organization successful.
What is Business Level Strategy? Business level strategy deals with how a particular business competes. The principal focus is on meeting competition, protecting market share…
Limited Liability Partnership Act Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is an incorporated partnership formed and registered under the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008 with limited liability…
Communication which flows to a higher level in a company is known as upward communication. It gives feedback on how well the company is working.
What is Downward Communication? Downward Communication flows from a top-level to a low level in an organisation is known as downward communication. In other words,…
The structure of an organisation should provide for communication in three distinct directions: downward, upward, and horizontal. These three directions establish the framework within which communication in an organisation takes place.
What is Horizontal Communication? Horizontal communication takes place between two or more persons who are working at the same levels it is known as horizontal…
Organisational communication is the process by which individuals induce meaning in the minds of other individuals, by means of verbal and nonverbal messages in the…
In written communication, a message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo, etc. The message, in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used.
What is Performance Planning? Performance planning is a systematic and structured approach to successfully achieve the desired goals of an individual or team throughout the…
What is Performance Management System (PMS)? Performance Management System (PMS) is a process used to communicate organizational goals and objectives, reinforce, individual accountability these goals,…
What is Plant Layout? Plant layout is the overall arrangement of the production process, store-room, stock-room, tool-room, material handling equipment, aisles, racks and sub-stores, employee…
What is Operation Management? Operations Management is best understood using systematic approach. It involves understanding the nature of issues and problems to be studied, establishing…
International businesses are required to recruit, train, motivate, nurture and retain apart from effectively utilizing their services at all levels of functioning be its corporate office, at the foreign production units plants, therefore, the process of procuring, allocating and effectively utilizing human resources in international business is called International Human Resource Management.
Success Factors of ERP Implementation With a specific end goal to keeps your ERP arrangement working at pinnacle effectiveness – and giving the business favorable…
Maintenance of ERP ERP support displayed a key definition: In the first place, we offered definitions for customary business frameworks support. We characterized the upkeep…
ERP Implementation Life Cycle The timeline of ERP implementations is fluid, but the life cycle of the implementation is more structured. Businesses who desire growth…
Modules of ERP Software ERP is included with various item modules. Each ERP programming module mirrors an essential pragmatic scope of an affiliation. Consistent ERP…
What is Business Process Management? Business process management (BPM) is a systematic approach to making an organization’s workflow more effective, more efficient and more capable…
Risk in ERP Implementation When no of sites is one then also there are chances that while implementing the meaning of ERP can be attributed…
Benefits of ERP ERP is a class of business organization programming routinely a suite of facilitated applications that affiliation can use to assemble, store, direct…
Integration of Process Using ERP As discussed earlier the ERP system integrates all the departments of organization with a single database which leads to various…
What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)? Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a class of business organization programming routinely a suite of facilitated applications that affiliation…
Induction is a process of introduction of a person to the job and the organization. Induction is important as it serves the purpose of removing fears, creating a good impression and acts as a valuable source of information.
What is Selection? Selection is a process of differentiating between applicants in order to identify (& hire) those with a greater likelihood of success in…
What is Recruitment? Recruitment is defined as a process to discover the source of manpower to meet the requirement of staffing scheduled and to employ…
What is Job Analysis? Job Analysis is defined as the process of determining all the necessary information about a particular job i.e., records information about…
What is Human Resource Development (HRD)? Human Resource Development is a series of organized activities, conducted within a specialized time and designed to produce behavioural…
Performance management is a system designed to identify the ways to achieve organizational goals through constant assessment and feedback leading to improvement of employee performance.
A cheque is a bill of exchange, drawn on a specified banker and it includes ‘the electronic image of truncated cheque’ and ‘a cheque in electronic form’.
Discharge of contract means the termination of a contractual relationship between parties. A contract is said to be discharged when it ceases to operate.
Essential Elements of a Valid Contract: Offer & Acceptance, Capacity, Consideration, Consent, Free Consent, Coercion, Undue Influence, Fraud Misrepresentation, Mistake, Unlawful Object, Contingent, Declared as Void.
When one person signifies to another, his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything with a view to obtaining the assent of the offer, to such an act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal.
A bill of exchange is defined as an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only.
A promissory note is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional undertaking, signed by the maker, to pay a certain sum of money to or to the order of a certain person, or to the bearer of the instruments.
The crossing of Cheque means that the specific cheque can only be deposited straightway into a bank account and cannot be instantly cashed by a bank.
Types of Endorsements: 1. Blank or General, 2. Special or Full, 3. Partial, 4. Restrictive, 5. Conditional or Qualified
12 Types of Negotiable Instruments: Bearer, Order, Demand, Time, Inland, Foreign, Ambiguous,. Inchoate, Accommodation, Fictitious, Documentary, Clean bill
Negotiable Instrument means a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque, payable either to order or to the bearer. In business transactions, a clear knowledge of all these are required.
The seller to whom the full price of the goods sold has not been paid the price is known as an unpaid seller.
Performance of a Contract It is the duty of the seller to deliver the goods and of the buyer to accept and pay for them,…
Transfer of property means an act by which a living person conveys property, in present or in future, to one or more other living persons, or to himself and one or more other living persons.
The doctrine of ‘Caveat Emptor’ means "let the buyer beware". In other words, the buyer must take care of his own interest while purchasing the goods. While purchasing the goods the buyer should check the goods carefully.
The Sale of Goods Act, identifies the terms, "Conditions and Warranties" as being of a prime significance in a contract of sale.
The goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either existing goods, owned or possessed by the seller, or future goods.
Sec. 4 (1), The Sale of Goods Act, 1930" A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a price. There may be a contract of sale between one part-owner and another.
Sales management refers to the administration of the personal selling component of a company's marketing program. It includes the planning, implementation, and control of sales programs, as well as recruiting, training, motivating, and evaluating members of the sales force.
Capital structure refers the way a corporation finances its assets by using a combination of equity, debt, or hybrid securities. A firm's capital structure is…
It is regarded as the most dependable source of longterm finance. Retained earnings are an easy source of internal financing to use because they are…
Term loans are provided to the industrial sector by commercial banks, development financial institutions, state level financial institutions and investment institutions. Terms loans are secured…
Venture capital: The term 'venture capital' represents financial investment in a highly risky project with the objective of earning a high rate of return. Venture…
What is Debentures? Definition: Debentures are a fixed-interest, fixed term investment. They are offered by finance and industrial companies which are referred to as issuers.…
What is Preference Share? Preference shares as those shares which carry preferential rights as the payment of dividend at a fixed rate and as to…
Equity capital is funds paid into a business by investors in exchange for common or preferred stock. This represents the core funding of a business, to which debt funding may be added.
Human Resource Planning is a process that forecasts the company’s future manpower demand by analyzing the current supply and the gaps if any.
Human Resource Management covers various operative and managerial functions that are performed at all the levels of the organization.
An audit is an independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit-oriented or not, and irrespective of its size or legal form, when such an examination is conducted with a view to expressing an opinion thereon.
Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is an organized procedure for collecting, storing, maintaining, retrieving and validating data needed by an organization about its human resources. It is usually a part of the organization’s Management Information System (MIS).
Mission Statement can be defined as a sentence describing a company's function, markets and competitive advantages. It is a short written statement of your business goals and philosophies. It defines what an organisation is, why it exists and its reason for being.
MIS is the acronym for Management Information Systems. MIS is a set of procedures which, when executed, provides information to support decision making. MIS is a software system that focuses on the management of information technology to provide efficient and effective strategic decision making.
HR Audit is like an annual health check-up, it plays a vital role in encouraging the sense of confidence in the Management and the HR functions of an organization. It is a comprehensive evaluation of existing HRD strategies, systems, styles, skills and culture and their appropriateness to achieve the short term and long term goals of the organization.
4 methods of human resource accounting are 1. Historical Cost Method 2. Replacement Cost Method 3. Present and Economic Value Method 3. Asset Multiplier Method
Human Resource Accounting is about identifying and measuring data of human resources. It is used to develop a financial assessment of people in the organization during a particular time period. It is also about evaluating the economic result of investment in people.
There are various problems and challenges faced in Performance appraisal. Broadly, problems in performance appraisal are categorized into 4 types: 1. Judgment Error 2. Inappropriate appraisal methods and forms 3. Lack of training 4. Ineffective implementation
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labour relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.
What is Performance Appraisal? Performance Appraisal is a formal structured system of measuring and evaluating an employee’s job-related behaviours and outcomes to discover how &…
Definition: Performance Appraisal Process is a well-thought step by step approach of evaluating the performance of the employees. Performance Appraisal Process Below are the performance…
The Training Process consists of well-planned step by step process that should be adopted while deciding a training program.Training is an investment made by an organization with the objective of achieving some desired results.
Training is a very important tool in all the departments of the business e. g. finance, production, marketing etc. The return on investment in training is huge in terms of higher productivity, enhancing skills of the employees, increasing the motivation levels etc.
What is Training? Training refers to programs and procedures undertaken with an attempt to improve current or future employee performance. Let's now look into types…
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic management technique in which measurable goals are set by a joint effort of senior and subordinate and the contribution of each individual is measured in terms of their accomplishment of the goals.
Broadly, types of contract are divided into 3 types: On the Basis of the 1. Mode of Formation 2. Performance 3. validity or Enforceability
The Indian Contract Act mostly deals with the general principles and rules governing contracts. The Act is divisible into two parts. The first part (Section 1- 75) deals with the general principles of the law of contract and second part (Sections 124-238) deals with certain special kinds of contracts
Business Law is also known as Commercial law or corporate law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales.
Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value.
What is SOA? Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural approach in which application components makes use of a collection of services available in a…
5 Pirates and 100 Gold Coins: There are 5 pirates (in strict order of seniority A, B, C, D and E) who found 100 gold coins. They must decide how to distribute them.
Rat and Poison Puzzle 1: You have 1000 wine bottles, one of which is poisoned. You want to determine which bottle is poisoned by feeding the wine to the rats. The poisoned wine takes one hour to work. How many rats are necessary to find the poisoned bottle in one hour?
What Is Non Verbal Communication? Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. We can say that communication other than oral and written,…
The barriers to business communication are anything that interferes in the communication process as a consequence of which the message may not be received by the receiver as was intended by the sender.
7 C of Communication are Completeness, Conciseness, Consideration, Clarity, Concreteness, Courtesy, Correctness.
Public relations is a unique management function which helps organizations to establish and maintain mutual lines of communications, understanding, acceptance, and cooperation with their public(s).
Cloud computing advantages are Cost-saving, Better performance, Automatic software updates, Unlimited storage capacity, Mobility, Increased computing power. Cloud Computing Disadvantages are Internet connection is required, Performance can vary, Technical issue, Security Threat etc.
Cloud Computing Definition: Cloud Computing refers to configuring, manipulating, and accessing the software resources and hardware remotely. It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application.
Expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management in 1964. Vroom's Expectancy Theory separates effort, performance and outcomes. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory has assumed four assumptions. Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence.
Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, also known as the two-factor theory and dual-factor theory was coined by Frederick Herzberg in 1959. He argues that there are two factors that influence the motivation of the employee in the organization.
Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory in psychology in 1940. Maslow categorized the five needs into higher and lower orders. Lower-order: Physiological and safety. Higher-order needs: Social, esteem, and self-actualization.
Motivation is an inner psychological force which activates and compares the person to behave in a particular manner. Motivation theories are categories into two: content and process theories.
Motivation is defined as inner burning passion caused by need, wants and desire which propels an individual to exert his physical and mental energy to achieve desired objectives. Motivation is goal-directed behavior.
Attitudes are evaluation statements either favourable or unfavourable or unfavourable concerning objects, people or events. They reflect how one feels about something.
Theories of learning have been developed as models of learning which explain the learning process by which employees acquire a pattern of behavior. Four Theories of Learning are: Classical conditioning theory, Operant conditioning theory, Cognitive learning theory, Social learning theory.
Perception is the process by which a person interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. It is a cognitive process by which people attend to incoming stimuli, organise and interpret such stimuli into behaviour.
Personality is a pattern of stable states and characteristics of a person that influences his or her behaviour toward goal achievement. There are four theories of personality: psychoanalytic theory, type theories, trait theories, self theory.
The word personality is derived from a Greek word “persona” which means “to speak through.” Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that forms a person’s unique identity. It signifies the role which a person plays in public.
A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and structures on behaviour within organisations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an Organisation's effectiveness.
OD interventions are the building blocks which are the planned activities designed to improve the organisation’s functioning through the participation of the organisational members. OD innervations include team development, laboratory training, managerial grid training, brainstorming and intergroup team building.
Planned change or developmental change is undertaken to improve the current way of operating. It is a calculated change, initiated to achieve a certain desirable output/performance and to make the organization more responsive to internal and external demands.
Organization Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's 'processes,' using behavioral-science knowledge.
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a simple corporate planning tool, to assess a company’s position in terms of its product range. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a portfolio management tool created in 1970 by Bruce Henderson. It is also referred to as the BCG growth-share matrix.
The value chain model is also known as Porter’s Value Chain model. Analysis is a business management tool that was developed by Michael Porter and described in his popular book Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance in 1985.
Strategic management process is a method by which managers conceive of and implement a strategy that can lead to sustainable competitive advantage. It is the process of managing, planning, and analyzing in order to reach all organizational goals.
Strategic management can be described as the identification of the purpose of the organisation and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose. It is that set of managerial decisions and actions that determine the long-term performance of a business enterprise.
Brand equity is the value of the brand in the marketplace. We can say, the total accumulated value or worth of a brand. Financial accountants define brand equity as the total value of a brand as a separable asset and often called brand valuation or brand value.
Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model is also known as Keller's Brand Equity Model. CBBE concept is that the power of a brand lies in what customers have learned, felt, seen, and heard about the brand as a result of their experiences over time.
Strategic brand management process involves the design and implementation of marketing programs and activities to build, measure, and message brand equity. Strategic brand management process has four main steps .
Brand Management is the function of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the product’s perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity. The process of maintaining, improving, and upholding a brand so that the name is associated with positive results.
Majorly there are four methods for pricing determination strategies: 1. Cost based pricing 2. Break-Even Concept 3. Demand based pricing 4. Pricing related to the market.
New product development process plays a crucial role in deciding the future of the organisation.
Demand forecasting is an attempt to estimate the future level of demand on the basis of past as well as present knowledge and experience, to avoid both under production and overproduction.
Business buyer behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of organizations that buy goods and services for use in the production of other products and services that are sold, rented or supplied to others.
Consumer behaviour refers to the actions of consumers in the market place and the underlying motives for those actions.
Marketing Environment is the combination of Internal factors and the External factors and forces outside marketing that affect top-level management’s ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with its target customers.
Marketing management process consists of four key stages, namely Market analysis, Marketing planning, Implementation of the marketing program, Control of the total marketing efforts.
Marketing Concept is the philosophy that an organization should analyze the needs of their consumers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs, better than the competition. There are five different marketing concepts: Production, Product, Selling, Marketing, Social Marketing Concept.
Marketing Mix: The set of controllable tactical marketing tools – product, price, place and promotion – that the firm blends to produce the desired response in the target market. The mix consists of 4Ps, product, price, place and promotion.
Market Segmentation is the sub-dividing of a market into homogeneous subsets of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected on a market target to be reached with a distinct marketing mix.
A CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools mean any tool used to automate some activity associated with software development. Some of these CASE tools assist in phase-related tasks such as specification, structured analysis, design, coding, testing etc.
Risk management aims at reducing the chances of a risk becoming real as well as reducing the impact of risk that becomes real. Three activities in risk management are risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation.
COCOMO (Constructive Cost Estimation Model) model was proposed by Boehm (1981). According to Boehm, software cost estimation should be done through three stages: Basic COCOMO, Intermediate COCOMO, and Complete COCOMO.
Software maintenance is the process of modifying a software system or component after delivery to correct faults, improve performances or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment.
An entrepreneur is one who always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity. Innovation is the basic tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for different business of service.
Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business along with any of its risk in order to make a profit. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs.
A good software design implies clean decomposition of the problem into modules and the neat arrangement of these modules in a hierarchy. The primary characteristics of neat module decomposition are low coupling and high cohesion. Cohesion is a measure of functional strength of a module.
Software design deals with transforming the client requirements, as described in the SRS document, into a form (set of documents) that is suitable for implementation in a programming language.
At a technical level, software engineering begins with a series of modeling tasks that lead to a complete specification of requirements and a comprehensive design representation for the software to be built. The first technical representation of a system which is the analysis model, actually a set of models. There have been many methods proposed for analysis modeling.
A software requirement specification (SRS) is a comprehensive information/description of a product/system to be developed with its functional and non-functional requirements. The software requirement specification (SRS) is developed based on the agreement between customer and supplier.
The requirements elicitation and specification phase starts when the feasibility study phase is completed and the project is found to be technically and feasible. The goal of the requirements analysis and specification phase is to understand client requirements and to systematically organize these requirements in a specification document.
Evolutionary model is also referred to as the successive versions model and sometimes as the incremental model. In Evolutionary model, the software requirement is first broken down into several modules (or functional units) that can be incrementally constructed and delivered.
The spiral model is a software process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model. Barry Boehm mentioned the Spiral model in this paper (1986).
A prototype model is a toy/demo implementation of the actual product or system. A prototype model usually exhibits limited functional capabilities, low reliability, and inefficient performance as compared to the actual software.
In Iterative waterfall model, the feedback paths are provided from every phase to its preceding phase. In practice, it is not possible to strictly follow the classical waterfall model for software development work. In this context, we can view the iterative waterfall model as making necessary changes to the classical waterfall model so that it becomes applicable to practical software development projects.
The classical Waterfall Model was the first Process Model. It is also known as a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is very simple to understand and use. Classical waterfall model is the earliest, best known and most commonly used methodology.
A software development life cycle (SDLC) is a series of identifiable stages that a software product undergoes during its lifetime. A software development life cycle model (also called process model) is a descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle.
What is Software Engineering? Software engineering is the discipline that covers principles of specification, systematic development, management and evolution of software systems. It is concerned…
De-escalation plays an important role when it comes to reducing violent or disruptive behavior. In order for de-escalation to be effective, there need to be…
Who Is a Manager? In an organisation, a manager is a person who directs the efforts of others. He/she is also responsible for managing resources…
Since time immemorial, it has been argued by different scholars whether management is a science or an art. Different viewpoints have been given by management…
A set of similar ideas on the organisation of people and management or management thoughts were evolved during the late 19th century and the early…
Schools of Management Thought Apart from classical, neo-classical and modern theorists, there are some other experts who have significantly contributed in the field of management.…
What is Organising? Organising is a managerial activity that involves arranging and structuring of responsibilities and work of the employees for attaining the desired result.…
An important aspect of organisational structure is to understand where the power for decision making resides in the organisation. In the centralised organisational structure, the…
What is Authority? Authority is the power given to a person for carrying out certain activities and tasks by an organisation. The person given the…
What is Span of Control? The span of control refers to the number of people that a manager can directly control. The span of control…
What is Departmentation? The process of departmentation or departmentalisation involves grouping people according to their activities and tasks into different departments. An organisation consists of…
