Employee Discipline
What is Employee Discipline? Discipline means an orderly behaviour to be followed by the individual, team members and groups within an organization to achieve the…
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17/08/2020
Collective Bargaining
Collective bargaining involves discussions and negotiations between two groups as to the terms and conditions of employment. It is called ‘collective’ because of both the employer and the employee act as a group rather than as individuals.
14/08/2020
Industrial Relations
What is Industrial Relations? The term industrial relations refer to industry and relations. “Industry” means “any productive activity in which an individual is engaged” and…
26/08/2020
Performance Counselling
What is Performance Counselling? The concept of performance counselling is quite often misunderstood and at the same time, it is wrongly interpreted as a process…
01/05/2020
Advantages of MIS
The advantages of MIS to businesses, governments, scientists, universities, students, non-profit organisation and all other entities are diversified. Some of the most often realised benefits…
19/09/2020
Cost of Capital
What is Cost of Capital? Cost of capital is defined "as the minimum rate of return that a firm must earn on its investment so…
23/09/2020
Capital Rationing
What is Capital Rationing? Capital rationing is a process of selecting the mix of acceptable projects that provides the highest overall Net Present Value (NPV)…
22/09/2020
Capital Budgeting
What is Capital Budgeting? Capital budgeting (or investment appraisal) is the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term investments such as new…
22/09/2020
Capital Assets Pricing Model
The model was introduced by Jack Treynor, William Sharpe, John Lintner and Jan Mossin independently, building on the earlier work of Harry Markowitz on diversification…
21/09/2020
Time Value of Money
What is Time Value of Money? One of the most fundamental concepts in finance is that money has "time value." That is to say that…
20/09/2020
Short Term Financing
Short Term financing is very important for any organization. It includes the borrowing and lending of funds for a shorter period of time usually one…
19/09/2020
External Sources of Finance
External Sources of Finance Equity SharesPreference SharesDebentures and BondsVenture capitalTerm LoansLease financing Equity Shares Every company has a statutory right to issue shares to raise…
18/09/2020
Corporate Finance
What is Corporate Finance? Corporate finance is concerned with the planning and controlling of the firm's financial resources. It is also referred as financial management…
12/09/2020
Risk Management
What is Risk Management? Risk Management can be defined as the process involving measurement and assessment of risk, and development of strategies to curb and…
09/09/2020
Women Entrepreneurship
Concept of Women Entrepreneurship According to the general concept, women entrepreneur may be defined as a women or a group of women who initiate, organize…
06/09/2020
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Development Act, 2006 Under this act, the central Government shall set up, for the purpose of the act, a…
03/09/2020
Entrepreneurship Development Programmes
Entrepreneurs play a predominant role in accelerating the socio-economic development of a country. They are regarded as nation builders and wealth creators. They are the…
31/08/2020
Trade Union
What is Trade Union? The trade union is an association, either of employees or employers or of independent workers. It is a relatively permanent combination…
29/08/2020
Market Intelligence System
What Market Intelligence System? Market Intelligence System one that systematically gathers and processes critical business information, transforming it into actionable management intelligence for marketing decisions…
23/08/2020
Disciplinary Action
What is Disciplinary Action? Disciplinary action is a method of dealing with employees who cause problems or do not follow company rules and policies. Types…
20/08/2020
Grievance Handling
What is Grievance? Grievance means any type of disappointment or unhappiness arising out of factors related to an employee’s job which he thinks is unfair.…
14/08/2020
Difference between Global HRM and Domestic HRM
Broader Perspective and More Functions Company needs a wider outlook while dealing with the different issues at international level. For example, if the company wants…
14/08/2020
Director: Definition, Disqualification, Duties, Appointment
Section 2 (34) of the Companies Act, 2013, defines a ‘director’ as a person appointed to the board of a company. It means that the person cannot be considered as director unless he is appointed by any method to the board of company.
06/08/2020
Articles of Association
Articles of Association Section 2 (6) of the Companies Act, 2013 defines Articles of Association as the rules and regulations or the bye-laws which governs…
05/08/2020
Marketing Mix For Services
The concept of marketing mix to describe the activities performed by a marketer as a mix of ingredients was originally proposed by Borden. The internal…
04/08/2020
Direct Marketing
Direct marketing is a form of advertising that allows businesses and other organizations to communicate directly to the prospects or customers through a variety of media.
03/08/2020
5 M’S of Advertising
Every organizations or marketing communication firm handle their advertising in different ways. In small firms, advertising is handled by executives or account managers in the…
02/08/2020
SWOT Analysis
What is SWOT Analysis? SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis is a widely used framework to summaries a company’s situation or…
01/08/2020
Competency Based Training
What is Competency Based Training? Competency based training (CBT) is a style of education that focuses on what you can achieve in the workplace after…
01/08/2020
Consumer Research
What is Consumer Research? Consumer research is the process and tools used to study the consumer behavior. Marketers carry out consumer research regularly to know…
31/07/2020
What is Statistics?
What is Statistics? Statistics may be defined as the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. Statistics is a set of decision-making techniques which…
30/07/2020
Determinants of Working Capital
Number of factors has an influence on the size and need of working capital in an organisation. So no definite rule or formula can be…
29/07/2020
Types of Working Capital
The working capital in a certain enterprise may be classified into the following types. Initial working capitalRegular working capitalFluctuating working capitalReserve margin working capitalPermanent and…
28/07/2020
Fund Flow Statement
What is Fund Flow Statement? The funds-flow-statement is a report on financial operations changes, flow or movements during the period. It is a statement which…
27/07/2020
Audit Report
These reports form the medium of communication of the auditor's views to the members of the company. Contents of Audit Report The basic contents of…
26/07/2020
Valuation of Assets
Valuation is not merely the determination of values of the assets as appearing in the balance sheet but it also the critical examination of these…
25/07/2020
Auditor: Power, Right, Duties, Responsibilities, Scope
Rights & Powers of Auditor Right of access to Books of account & Vouchers [Sec. 143(1)]Right to obtain information & explanation [Sec. 143(1)]Right to visit…
24/07/2020
Auditor
What is Auditor? An auditor is a person or a firm appointed by a company to execute an audit. To act as an auditor, a…
23/07/2020
Fraud
What is Fraud? According to SA 240 "The fraud refers to intentional misrepresentations regarding financial information by one or more individuals among management, employees or…
22/07/2020
Ratio Analysis
What is Ratio Analysis? Ratio analysis refers to the study of various financial ratios to evaluate the performance of the firm. The utility of ratio…
21/07/2020
Internal Audit
What is Internal Audit? Internal audit is the review of the various operations of the company & of its records by staff specially appointed for…
20/07/2020
Audit Working Papers
What is Working Papers? SA 230 on "Documentation" refers to working papers prepared or obtained by the auditor & retained by him in connection with…
19/07/2020
Internal Control
What is Internal Control? The plan of organization and all the methods & procedures adopted by the management of an entity to assist in achieving…
18/07/2020
Vouching
What is Vouching? Vouching means inspection by an auditor of documentary evidence supporting & substantiating transactions. Vouching is the process of checking documentary evidence that…
17/07/2020
Leavening Agent
What is Leavening Agent Leavening agents are the agents that increase the surface area of the dough or batter by creating gas bubbles in the…
16/07/2020
Power and Functions of SEBI
Chapter IV of SEBI Act, 1992 deals with the powers and functions of SEBI. Section 11 of the Act lays down that it shall be…
15/07/2020
Types of Audit
There are various types of audit. Auditor may choose any audit procedure for conducting audit of financial statements. Audit procedure may vary from enterprise to…
14/07/2020
Memorandum of Association
Memorandum of Association is a document which sets out the constitution of a company and is therefore the foundation on which the structure of the company is built.
13/07/2020
Sampling Method
In sampling technique, instead of observing and studying each and every unit of universe, only a part of it is studied, assuming that it best represents the entire population.
12/07/2020
Methods of Data Collection
Methods of Data Collection There are two approaches or methods of data collection, namely, primary data collection and secondary data collection. In research, when the…
10/07/2020
What is Hypothesis?
What is Hypothesis? Hypothesis is a proposition which can be put to a test to determine validity and is useful for further research Hypothesis is…
08/07/2020
What is Research?
What is Research? Research means finding out things. Research requires systematic efforts to acquire new knowledge. Social sciences Encyclopedia defines research as the manipulation of…
06/07/2020
What is Income Tax
What is Income Tax? Income Tax is tax on income. According to the Constitution of India, income tax is a central subject. Income Tax on…
04/07/2020
Management Development
Management development process consists of assessing the company's strategic needs appraising the managers' current performance, and developing the managers.
02/07/2020
Leadership Development
Leadership development is the process implemented to impart knowledge, skills, attitudes and visions to managerial personnel discharging roles of leaders to support them and manage the work successfully and professionally.
29/06/2020
Coaching
Coaching means to improve performance often short term in a specific skills area. The goals are basically set by the coach; let it be intermediate goals or sub-goals to achieve. Direct feedback is present in coaching.
28/06/2020
360 Degree Feedback
360 Degree Feedback Performance-appraisal data collected from ‘all around’ an employee, his or her peers, subordinates, supervisors, and sometimes, from internal and external customers. This…
26/06/2020
Employee Orientation
What is Employee Orientation? Employee Orientation is an initial process that provides easy access to basic information, programs and services, gives clarification and allows new…
25/06/2020
Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation
Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation Model helps trainers to measure the effectiveness of their training in an objective way.
23/06/2020
Difference Between Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Communication
Introduction The words interpersonal and intrapersonal are mostly used interchangeably by the people. The main difference between these communications is Interpersonal deals with the communication…
23/06/2020
Types of Logistics
What is Logistics? Logistics deals with all activities that facilitate product flow from the point of raw material acquisition to the point of final consumption…
21/06/2020
Classification of Products
Consumer Products Consumer goods can be classified on the basis of their shopping habits. They are grouped as convenience goods, shopping goods, specialty goods and…
19/06/2020
Kotler Product Level
A product has different layers like an onion and each of the layerscontributes to the make of the product. Every marketer shouldanalyse the product at…
18/06/2020
Difference between Upward and Downward Communication
The difference between upward and downward communication depends mainly on the flow of communication within any organization. The communication method which transfers the information from subordinates to seniors is upward communication and vice-versa i.e. seniors to subordinates is a downward communication.
18/06/2020
Brand Building Process
Brand building process refers to enhancing a brand’s equity directly through advertising campaigns and indirectly through promotions. A well-planned brand building process follows many sequential steps, which are contextual, and thus cannot be generalized for all brands.
17/06/2020
Best Public Speaking Courses & Certification [2020]
A team of global experts have done in-depth research to come up with this compilation of Best Public Speaking Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available online for 2020. These public speaking courses are suitable for beginners as well as experts.
16/06/2020
Difference Between Internal and External Communication
Introduction Differentiation between internal and external communication depends on the parties involved in the exchange of messages or information. Internal communication refers to the transfer…
11/06/2020
Human Resource Planning
Human Resource Planning is a process that forecasts the company’s future manpower demand by analyzing the current supply and the gaps if any.
10/06/2020
Best TikTok Courses & Certifications Online [2020]
Our Digital Marketing Team have compiled this list of Best TikTok Course, Certification, Tutorial, Training and Class available online for 2020. These Excel Courses are…
10/06/2020
Soft Skills
Soft skills is a term often associated with a person's Emotional Intelligence Quotient, the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, managing people, leadership, etc. that characterize relationships with other people.
10/06/2020
Best Excel Courses & Certifications Online [2020]
Our global e-learning expert and business professional have compiled this list of Best Excel Course, Certification, Tutorial, Training and Class available online for 2020. These Excel Courses are suitable for beginners, intermediate as well as experts.
06/06/2020
Types of Communication
Communication is the process of passing information and understanding the same from one person to another. Thus, communication means to understand information, facts or opinions of…
04/06/2020
9+ Best Udemy Digital Marketing Courses & Certifications Online [2020]
11 Digital Marketer and E-learning experts have compiled this list of Best Digital Marketing Course, Certification, Tutorial, Training and Class available online for 2020. These best udemy digital marketing Courses are suitable for beginners, intermediate as well as experts.
03/06/2020
10+ Best Udemy Data Science Courses & Certifications Online [2020]
Our team of global programmer and e-learning expert has done extensive research to come up with this list of Best Data Science Courses, Certifications, Tutorial, Degree and Training are available Online for 2020. These include free and paid learning resources and are relevant for beginners, intermediate learners as well as experts.
01/06/2020
11+ Best Udemy Python Courses & Certifications Online [2020]
A team of 11+ global programming experts have done in-depth research to come up with this compilation of Best Udemy Python Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available online for 2020. These python courses are suitable for beginners as well as experts.
30/05/2020
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Udemy Python Courses
Difference Between Stocks and Mutual Funds
Introduction One of the most common and prominent questions every fund manager is asked is “Which is the most viable investment option? Is it stocks…
28/05/2020
Business Communication
What is Business Communication? Business communication is the expression, channelling, receiving and interchanging of ideas in commerce and industry. In simple words, Business communication is the…
27/05/2020
Executive Development
Executive Development is an ongoing process that helps managers gain knowledge, skills and abilities to handle current situations in a more efficient manner and get matured to handle future challenges successfully.
24/05/2020
Executive Development
Difference between IMF and World Bank
Introduction The key difference between IMF and World Bank lies in their respective purposes and functions. The IMF and the World Bank seemed to hand…
22/05/2020
Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning
Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Market segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) are the basic tools used by the marketers. Each customer has different needs, wants and…
18/05/2020
82+ Best Coursera Courses & Certification [2020]
Our global e-learning team and educators have done in-depth research to come up with this list of Free + Best Coursera Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available online for 2020. This list consists of best Coursera courses and most enrolled courses available on Coursera
15/05/2020
Difference Between Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis
Introduction Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis are not the methods that are restricted to investing in shares used by lots of different types of traders…
13/05/2020
Sales Territories
A sales territory represents a group of customers or markets or geographical areas. Sales territories are geographical area that can be covered conveniently and canonically by a sales person.
11/05/2020
Sales Quotas
sales quota is a quantitative goal assigned to a sales unit relating to a particular period of time. A sales unit may be a territory, a branch office, a region, a distributor or a person.
11/05/2020
Sales Analysis
It is a detailed examination of sales volume by territory, sales person, customer, product line, etc. It works on the principle that the trends of the total sales volume conceal rather than reveal the market reality. Researchers reveal that in most organizations a large percentage of customer order territories bring in a small percentage of total sales.
11/05/2020
Sales Control
Sales control function assists the manager in ascertaining which level of sales has been achieved, why there has been a variance, and which remedial action can be taken to achieve the target results
11/05/2020
Sales Budget
Sales managers must be aware of the types of expenses that are incurred both before and after the sale as well as the sales revenues generated. Budgeting becomes a key task of sales management. It is also known as a blueprint for making profitable sales.
11/05/2020
100+ Best Udemy Courses & Certification [2020]
11+ e-learning experts and educator have compiled this list of Best Udemy Courses, Certificates, Tutorial, Training and Classes available online for 2020. This list consists of best-seller courses available on Udemy. This compilation has helped over 3500+ students and employee already and is updated every 15 days.
05/05/2020
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How Recession Started?
How recession started? According to the assumptions and reports of honorable IMF chief economist and ex- RBI governor Mr. Raghu Ram Rajan. US and China…
04/05/2020
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence is all about self-management, self-awareness, and understanding people around. The major aspect of emotional intelligence is relationship management.
04/05/2020
What is Communication?
Communication is the process of passing information and understanding the same from one person to another. Thus, communication means to understand information, facts or opinions of someone.
03/05/2020
Assessment Centre
Assessment centres are a series of exercises commonly used by employers to test skills not readily assessable from an interview alone. Assessment centre is a method used particularly in military or management.
02/05/2020
Assessment Centre
Performance Monitoring
What is Performance Monitoring? Performance monitoring may be defined as the process of appraising an environment of continuous learning and development. It will be done…
01/05/2020
Difference Between Asset Management and Wealth Management
Asset management is a consultancy service offered by banks or firms, which discusses, oversees and manages the assets of a person or entity. On the…
27/04/2020
Marketing Plan
What is Marketing Plan? Marketing planning is a systemic and disciplined exercise to formulate marketing strategies. Marketing planning can be related to the organization as…
27/04/2020
Market Entry Strategy
The marketer can make use of market entry strategy by investingin promotions or making widespread entree through low price, andskimming strategies where the short-term gain…
26/04/2020
Pricing
What is Pricing? Pricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services, and may be…
26/04/2020
Models of Communication
Models of Communication Various models of communication are shown in Figure: Aida ModelLevidge and Steiner ModelHierarchy of Effects ModelInnovation-adoption ModelInformation Processing Model Aida Model One…
26/04/2020
Advertising
What is Advertising? Advertising is a paid form of communication in which the sponsor or the brand owner has made payments to the media to…
26/04/2020
Personal Selling
Personal selling involves a face to face interaction with the customers wherein there is quick response and personal confrontation. This allows for more specific adjustment…
25/04/2020
Types of Sales Promotion
Types of Sales Promotion Sales promotion can be classified based on the primary target audience to whom the promotion is directed. Sales promotion can be…
25/04/2020
Sales Promotion
What is Sales Promotion? Sales Promotion means any steps that are taken for the purpose of obtaining or increasing sales. Sales promotion means and includes…
25/04/2020
Competency Mapping
Competency Mapping is defined as the process of identifying the key competencies, which have the ability to do something efficiently & achieve the goals of the organization & make the organization successful.
24/04/2020
Business Level Strategy
What is Business Level Strategy? Business level strategy deals with how a particular business competes. The principal focus is on meeting competition, protecting market share…
24/04/2020
Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is an incorporated partnership formed and registered under the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008 with limited liability and perpetual succession. The…
23/04/2020
Public Speaking
Public speaking is a talk given to a large gathering. It is given on various occasions. Its aim is usually to encourage, appreciate, congratulate or entertain; it is usually followed by applause from the audience.
21/04/2020
Upward Communication
What is Upward Communication? Communication which flows to a higher level in a company is known as upward communication. It gives feedback on how well…
21/04/2020
Downward Communication
What is Downward Communication? Communication which flows from a top level to a low level in an organisation is known as downward communication. In other…
21/04/2020
Flow of Communication: Internal and External
The structure of an organisation should provide for communication in three distinct directions: downward, upward, and horizontal. These three directions establish the framework within which…
21/04/2020
Grapevine Communication
What is Grapevine Communication? Grapevine communication is a form of informal communications in business that develops within an organisation. Large organisations, where there are many…
21/04/2020
Horizontal Communication
What is Horizontal Communication? When communication takes place between two or more persons who are working at the same levels it is known as horizontal…
21/04/2020
Organisational Communication
Organisational communication is the process by which individuals induce meaning in the minds of other individuals, by means of verbal and nonverbal messages in the…
21/04/2020
Competency Models
Competency Models Performance monitoring may be defined as the process of appraising an environment of continuous learning and development, maintaining the employee’s performance, enhancing individual…
21/04/2020
10 Verbal Communication Skills Worth Mastering
Below are 10 Verbal Communication Skills Worth Mastering. Each of these is just as crucial in our personal lives as in our professional lives. By…
21/04/2020
Written Communication
In written communication, a message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo, etc. The message, in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used.
21/04/2020
Performance Planning
What is Performance Planning? The performance planning is all about exploration of what individuals need to do and know in order to improve their performance…
20/04/2020
Performance Management System
What is Performance Management System? Performance Management System: It is a process used to communicate organizational goals and objectives, reinforce, individual accountability this goals, and…
19/04/2020
Plant Layout
What is Plant Layout? Plant layout is the overall arrangement of the production process, store-room, stock-room, tool-room, material handling equipment, aisles, racks and sub-stores, employee…
19/04/2020
Operation Management
What is Operation Management? Operations Management is best understood using systematic approach. It involves understanding the nature of issues and problems to be studied, establishing…
19/04/2020
International Human Resource Management
International businesses are required to recruit, train, motivate, nurture and retain apart from effectively utilizing their services at all levels of functioning be its corporate office, at the foreign production units plants, therefore, the process of procuring, allocating and effectively utilizing human resources in international business is called International Human Resource Management.
18/04/2020
Success Factors of ERP Implementation
Success Factors of ERP Implementation With a specific end goal to keeps your ERP arrangement working at pinnacle effectiveness – and giving the business favorable…
15/04/2020
Maintenance of ERP
Maintenance of ERP ERP support displayed a key definition. In the first place, we offered definitions for customary business frameworks support. We characterized the upkeep…
15/04/2020
ERP Implementation Life Cycle
ERP Implementation Life Cycle The timeline of ERP implementations is fluid, but the life cycle of the implementation is more structured. Businesses who desire growth…
15/04/2020
Modules of ERP Software
Modules of ERP Software ERP is included with various item modules. Each ERP programming module mirrors an essential pragmatic scope of an affiliation. Consistent ERP…
15/04/2020
Business Process Management
What is Business Process Management? Business Process Management (BPM): Business process management (BPM) is a systematic approach to making an organization’s workflow more effective, more…
15/04/2020
Risk in ERP Implementation
Risk in ERP Implementation When no of sites is one then also there are chances that while implementing the meaning of ERP can be attributed…
14/04/2020
Benefits of ERP
Benefits of ERP ERP is a class of business organization programming routinely a suite of facilitated applications that affiliation can use to assemble, store, direct…
13/04/2020
ERP Implementation
Integration of Process Using ERP As discussed earlier the ERP system integrates all the departments of organization with a single database which leads to various…
13/04/2020
Enterprise Resource Planning
What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)? ERP is a class of business organization programming routinely a suite of facilitated applications that affiliation can use to…
12/04/2020
Performance Appraisal
Performance Appraisal is the systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his/her performance on the job and potential for development.
12/04/2020
Employee Induction
Induction is a process of introduction of a person to the job and the organization. Induction is important as it serves the purpose of removing fears, creating a good impression and acts as a valuable source of information.
11/04/2020
Selection
What is Selection? Selection is a process of differentiating between applicants in order to identify (& hire) those with a greater likelihood of success in…
11/04/2020
Recruitment
What is Recruitment? Recruitment is defined as, a process to discover the source of manpower to meet the requirement of staffing scheduled and to employ…
10/04/2020
Job Analysis
What is Job Analysis? Job Analysis is regarded as the process of determining all the necessary information about a particular job. In other words, job…
09/04/2020
Human Resource Development
What is Human Resource Development? Human Resource Development is a series of organized activities, conducted within a specialized time and designed to produce behavioural changes.…
09/04/2020
Performance Management
Performance management is a system designed to identify the ways to achieve organizational goals through constant assessment and feedback leading to improvement of employee performance.
03/04/2020
Cheque
What is Cheque? A cheque is a bill of exchange, drawn on a specified banker and it includes ‘the electronic image of truncated cheque’ and…
02/04/2020
Discharge of Contract
What is Discharge of Contract? Discharge of Contract: A contract is discharged when the rights and obligations created by it are extinguished (i.e. comes to…
01/04/2020
Essential Elements of a Valid Contract
13 Essential Elements of a Valid Contract 13 Essential Elements of a Valid Contract are discussed below: Offer and AcceptanceCapacity of the partiesConsiderationConsentFree ConsentCoercionUndue InfluenceFraudMisrepresentationMistakeUnlawful…
01/04/2020
What is Offer? Types, Elements Lapse & Revocation
What is offer in Business Law? An offer is a proposal by one person to another to enter into a contract. The term offer is…
31/03/2020
Bill of Exchange
What is Bill of Exchange? A bill of exchange is defined as an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing…
31/03/2020
Promissory Note
What is Promissory Note? Section 4 of the Act defines, “A promissory note is an instrument in writing (note being a bank-note or a currency…
31/03/2020
Crossing of Cheque
What is Crossing of Cheque? The crossing of Cheque means that the specific cheque can only be deposited straightway into a bank account and cannot…
31/03/2020
Types of Endorsement
What is an Endorsement? Endorsement means, "the writing of one’s name on the back of the instrument or any paper attached to it with the…
31/03/2020
Types of Negotiable Instruments
Negotiable Instruments Act Section 13 of the Negotiable Instruments Act states that a negotiable instrument is a promissory note, bill of exchange or a cheque…
31/03/2020
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
The Negotiable Instruments Act was enacted, in India, in 1881. Prior to its enactment, the provision of the English Negotiable Instrument Act was applicable in…
31/03/2020
Rights of Unpaid Seller
Rights of Unpaid Seller The seller of goods is deemed to be an ‘unpaid seller’ within the meaning of this Act —(a) When the whole…
30/03/2020
Performance of a Contract
Performance of a Contract It is the duty of the seller to deliver the goods and of the buyer to accept and pay for them,…
30/03/2020
Transfer of Property
What is Transfer of Property? The transfer of property (or ownership) is important as it determines who owns the goods at a particular point during…
30/03/2020
Doctrine of Caveat Emptor
Principle of Doctrine of Caveat Emptor Subject to the provisions of this Act and of any other law for the time being in force, there…
30/03/2020
Conditions and Warranties
Conditions and Warranties The Sale of Goods Act, identifies the terms, "Conditions and Warranties" as being of a prime significance in a contract of sale.…
29/03/2020
Goods & Price: Contract of Sale
Goods - The Subject Matter of Contract of Sale The goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either existing goods,…
29/03/2020
Sales of Goods Act 1930
Sale of Goods Act, 1930 In trade and commerce, sales and purchase of goods are very common transactions. Originally, the transactions related to sale and…
29/03/2020
What is Sales Management?
Sales management refers to the administration of the personal selling component of a company's marketing program. It includes the planning, implementation, and control of sales programs, as well as recruiting, training, motivating, and evaluating members of the sales force.
28/03/2020
Capital Structure
Capital structure refers the way a corporation finances its assets by using a combination of equity, debt, or hybrid securities. A firm's capital structure is…
28/03/2020
Retained earnings
It is regarded as the most dependable source of longterm finance. Retained earnings are an easy source of internal financing to use because they are…
27/03/2020
Term Loans
Term loans are provided to the industrial sector by commercial banks, development financial institutions, state level financial institutions and investment institutions. Terms loans are secured…
27/03/2020
Venture Capital
Venture capital: The term 'venture capital' represents financial investment in a highly risky project with the objective of earning a high rate of return. Venture…
27/03/2020
Debentures
What is Debentures? Definition: Debentures are a fixed-interest, fixed term investment. They are offered by finance and industrial companies which are referred to as issuers.…
27/03/2020
Preference Share
What is Preference Share? Preference shares as those shares which carry preferential rights as the payment of dividend at a fixed rate and as to…
27/03/2020
Equity Capital
Equity capital is funds paid into a business by investors in exchange for common or preferred stock. This represents the core funding of a business, to which debt funding may be added.
27/03/2020
Human Resource Planning Process
Human Resource Planning is a process that forecasts the company’s future manpower demand by analyzing the current supply and the gaps if any.
27/03/2020
Functions of HRM
Human Resource Management covers various operative and managerial functions that are performed at all the levels of the organization.
27/03/2020
What is Audit?
An audit is an independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit-oriented or not, and irrespective of its size or legal form, when such an examination is conducted with a view to expressing an opinion thereon.
19/03/2020
Human Resources Information System (HRIS)
Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is an organized procedure for collecting, storing, maintaining, retrieving and validating data needed by an organization about its human resources. It is usually a part of the organization’s Management Information System (MIS).
19/03/2020
Mission Statement | Definition, Examples, How to Write [2020]
Mission Statement can be defined as a sentence describing a company's function, markets and competitive advantages. It is a short written statement of your business goals and philosophies. It defines what an organisation is, why it exists and its reason for being.
06/03/2020
![Mission Statement | Definition, Examples, How to Write [2020]](https://www.geektonight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Mission-Statement.jpg)
What is MIS? Characteristics, Objectives, Role, Component
MIS is the acronym for Management Information Systems. MIS is a set of procedures which, when executed, provides information to support decision making. MIS is a software system that focuses on the management of information technology to provide efficient and effective strategic decision making.
05/03/2020
Management Information System
HR Audit
HR Audit is like an annual health check-up, it plays a vital role in encouraging the sense of confidence in the Management and the HR functions of an organization. It is a comprehensive evaluation of existing HRD strategies, systems, styles, skills and culture and their appropriateness to achieve the short term and long term goals of the organization.
04/03/2020
Methods of Human Resource Accounting
4 methods of human resource accounting are 1. Historical Cost Method 2. Replacement Cost Method 3. Present and Economic Value Method 3. Asset Multiplier Method
27/02/2020
Human Resource Accounting (HRA)
Human Resource Accounting is about identifying and measuring data of human resources. It is used to develop a financial assessment of people in the organization during a particular time period. It is also about evaluating the economic result of investment in people.
27/02/2020
Problems in Performance Appraisal
There are various problems and challenges faced in Performance appraisal. Broadly, problems in performance appraisal are categorized into 4 types: 1. Judgment Error 2. Inappropriate appraisal methods and forms 3. Lack of training 4. Ineffective implementation
26/02/2020
Human Resource Management
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labour relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.
26/02/2020
What is Performance Appraisal?
What is Performance Appraisal? Performance appraisal works towards measuring the performance quality of the job holder. Performance appraisal evaluates the jobholders' performance over a period…
26/02/2020
Performance Appraisal Process
Definition: Performance Appraisal Process is a well-thought step by step approach of evaluating the performance of the employees. Performance Appraisal Process Below are the performance…
26/02/2020
Training Process
The Training Process consists of well-planned step by step process that should be adopted while deciding a training program.Training is an investment made by an organization with the objective of achieving some desired results.
25/02/2020
Importance of Training
Training is a very important tool in all the departments of the business e. g. finance, production, marketing etc. The return on investment in training is huge in terms of higher productivity, enhancing skills of the employees, increasing the motivation levels etc.
25/02/2020
Types of Training in HRM
Training refers to programs and procedures undertaken with an attempt to improve current or future employee performance. Let's now look into types of training. Types…
25/02/2020
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic management technique in which measurable goals are set by a joint effort of senior and subordinate and the contribution of each individual is measured in terms of their accomplishment of the goals.
25/02/2020
Types of Contract
Types of Contract in Business Law Broadly, types of contract are divided into 3 types: On the Basis of the Mode of FormationOn the Basis…
17/02/2020
Indian Contract Act 1872
The Indian Contract Act mostly deals with the general principles and rules governing contracts. The Act is divisible into two parts. The first part (Section 1- 75) deals with the general principles of the law of contract and second part (Sections 124-238) deals with certain special kinds of contracts
13/02/2020
What is Business Law?
Business Law is also known as Commercial law or corporate law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals with issues of both private law and public law.
13/02/2020
What Is Marketing Management?
Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value.
16/01/2020
What is SOA – Service Oriented Architecture | Explained 2020
What is SOA? Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural approach in which application components makes use of a collection of services available in a…
14/01/2020
5 Pirates and 100 Gold Coins Puzzle 2 | Puzzle Interview
5 Pirates and 100 Gold Coins: There are 5 pirates (in strict order of seniority A, B, C, D and E) who found 100 gold coins. They must decide how to distribute them.
25/12/2019
Rat and Poison Puzzle 1 | Puzzle Interview
Rat and Poison Puzzle 1: You have 1000 wine bottles, one of which is poisoned. You want to determine which bottle is poisoned by feeding the wine to the rats. The poisoned wine takes one hour to work. How many rats are necessary to find the poisoned bottle in one hour?
24/12/2019
Types Of Non Verbal Communication
What Is Non Verbal Communication? Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. We can say that communication other than oral and written,…
24/12/2019
Oral Communication
In oral communication, spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. In oral communication, communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Oral communication means spoken communication or communication through speech.
23/12/2019
Barriers To Business Communication
The barriers to business communication are anything that interferes in the communication process as a consequence of which the message may not be received by the receiver as was intended by the sender.
22/12/2019
7 C of Communication
7 C of Communication are Completeness, Conciseness, Consideration, Clarity, Concreteness, Courtesy, Correctness. The 7 C’s of Communication is a checklist that helps to improve the professional communication skills and increases the chance that the message will be understood in exactly the same way as it was intended.
21/12/2019
Public Relations
Public relations is a unique management function which helps organizations to establish and maintain mutual lines of communications, understanding, acceptance, and cooperation with their public(s). Public relations are a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
19/12/2019
Cloud Computing Advantages and Disadvantages | with 5 Issue
Cloud computing advantages are Cost-saving, Better performance, Automatic software updates, Unlimited storage capacity, Mobility, Increased computing power. Cloud Computing Disadvantages are Internet connection is required, Performance can vary, Technical issue, Security Threat etc.
13/12/2019
Cloud Computing Tutorial | 2020 | Basic to Advance
Cloud Computing Definition: Cloud Computing refers to configuring, manipulating, and accessing the software resources and hardware remotely. It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application.
13/12/2019
Price Ceiling and Price Floor
A price ceiling can be defined as the price that has been set by the government below the equilibrium price and cannot be soared up above that. A price floor is said to exist when the price is set above the equilibrium price and is not allowed to fall.
05/11/2019
Elasticity of Supply
According to Prof. Thomas, “The supply of a commodity is said to be elastic when as a result of a change in price, the supply changes sufficiently as a quick response. Contrarily, if there is no change or negligible change in supply or supply pays no response, it is elastic.”
04/11/2019
Cross Elasticity of Demand
The cross elasticity of demand can be defined as a measure of a proportionate change in the demand for goods as a result of a change in the price of related goods.
03/11/2019
Income Elasticity of Demand
An increase in the income of consumers increases the demand for the product even if the price remains constant. The responsiveness of quantity demanded with respect to the income of consumers is called the income elasticity of demand.
02/11/2019
Importance of Price Elasticity of Demand
The concept of price elasticity of demand plays an important role in the functioning economies by having a significant contribution in the field of industry, trade, and commerce.
01/11/2019
Factors Affecting Price Elasticity of Demand
The price elasticity of demand of a product reflects the change in the quantity demanded as a result of a change in price.
30/10/2019
Types of Price Elasticity of Demand
The extent of responsiveness of demand with change in the price does not remain the same under every situation. The demand for a product can be elastic or inelastic, depending on the rate of change in the demand with respect to change in price of a product.
30/10/2019
Price Elasticity of Demand
Price elasticity of demand is a measure of a change in the quantity demanded of a product due to change in the price of the product in the market. It can also be defined as the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price.
29/10/2019
Elasticity of Demand
In economics, the elasticity of demand is a degree of change in the quantity demanded of a product in response to its determinants, such as the price of the product, price of substitutes, and income of consumers. There are three types of elasticity of demand: 1. price, 2. Income, 3. Cross elasticity of demand
28/10/2019
Market Power
Market power define as the ability of an organisation to raise the market price of a good or service over marginal cost to achieve profits. It can also be defined as the degree of control an organisation has over the price and output of a product in the market.
27/10/2019
Types of Market Structures
Market structure can be defined as a group of industries characterised by number of buyers and sellers in the market, level and type of competition, degree of differentiation in products and entry and exit of organisations from the market.
26/10/2019
Market Failure
In economics, Market failure occurs when there is an imbalance in the quantity of a product demanded and supplied, which leads to an inefficient allocation of resources.
11/10/2019
What is Revenue?
Revenue is the total amount of money received by an organisation in return of the goods sold or services provided during a given time period.
09/10/2019
Long Run Cost
Long run cost refers to the time period in which all factors of production are variable. Long-run costs are incurred by a firm when production levels change over time.
08/10/2019
Economies and Diseconomies of Scale
Economies of scale refer, as a firm expands its production capacity, the efficiency of production also increases. It is able to draw more output per unit of input, leading to low average total costs.
08/10/2019
Short Run Cost
Short Run Cost refers to a certain period of time where at least one input is fixed while others are variable. In the short-run period, an organisation cannot change the fixed factors of production.
08/10/2019
Types of Costs
10 Types of Costs - Opportunity, Explicit, Implicit, Accounting, Economic, Business, Full, Fixed, Variable, Incremental.
07/10/2019
Types of Production Functions
There are different types of production functions that can be classified according to the degree of substitution of one input by the other. 3 Types of Production Functions: Cobb Douglas, Leontief and constant elasticity substitution (CES) production function.
07/10/2019
Production Function
Production function can be defined as a technological relationship between the physical inputs and physical output of the organisation. It is a statement of the relationship between a firm’s scarce resources and the output that results from the use of these resources.
07/10/2019
Production Function definition, meaning, uses, assumptions, limitations
Production Possibility Curve
Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is a curve that shows the alternative combinations of two goods and services by using all the available factor resources, efficiently. In economics, the Production Possibility Curve provides an overview of the maximum output of a good.
07/10/2019
Production in Economics
In economics, Production is a process of transforming tangible and intangible inputs into goods or services. Raw materials, land, labour and capital are the tangible inputs, whereas ideas, information and knowledge are the intangible inputs.
07/10/2019
Criteria for Good Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting can be effective if the predicted demand is equal to the actual demand. The effectiveness of demand forecasting depends on the selection of an appropriate forecasting technique. Each technique serves a specific purpose; thus an organisation should be careful while selecting a forecasting technique for a particular problem.
07/10/2019
Techniques & Methods of Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting is a process of predicting the demand for an organisation’s products or services in a specified time period in the future. Methods of demand forecasting are broadly categorised into two types.
07/10/2019
Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting is a process of predicting the demand for an organisation’s products or services in a specified time period in the future. Demand forecasting is helpful for both new as well as existing organisations in the market.
07/10/2019
Indifference Curve
An indifference curve can be defined as the locus of points each representing a different combination of two good, which yield the same level of utility and satisfaction to a consumer. Therefore, the consumer is indifferent to any combination of two commodities if he/she has to make a choice between them.
07/10/2019
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
The law of diminishing marginal utility states that as the quantity consumed of a commodity continues to increase, the utility obtained from each successive unit goes on diminishing, assuming that the consumption of all other commodities remains the same.
07/10/2019
Consumer Demand in Economics
Consumer demand analysis is a process of assessing consumer behaviour based on the satisfaction of wants and needs generated by a consumer from the consumption of various goods. The satisfaction that consumers gain out of the consumption of a commodity or service is called utility.
07/10/2019
Utility in Economics
The level of satisfaction derived by a consumer after consuming a good or service is called utility. In economics, utility can be defined as a measure of consumer satisfaction received on the consumption of a good or service. The concept of utility is used in neo classical Economics to explain the operation of the law of demand.
07/10/2019
Supply Curve Shifts
Movement in the supply curve is when the commodity experience change in both the quantity supply and price. The shift in the supply curve is when, the price of the commodity remains constant, but there is a change in quantity supply due to some other factors.
07/10/2019
Supply Curve
In economics, supply curve is a graphical representation of supply schedule is called supply curve. Supply curve can be of two types, individual supply curve and market supply curve.
07/10/2019
Supply Schedule
In economics, a Supply schedule is defined as a tabular representation of the law of supply. It represents the quantities of a product supplied by a supplier at different prices and time periods, keeping all other factors constant. There can be two types of supply schedules are Individual and Market supply schedule.
07/10/2019
Law of Supply
The law of supply states that the relationship between price and supply of a product. According to the law of supply, the quantity supplied increases with a rise in the price of a product and vice versa while other factors are constant. The other factors may include customer preferences, size of the market, size of population, etc.
07/10/2019
Determinants of Supply
Supply does not remain constant all the time in the market. There are many factors that influence the supply of a product. Generally, the supply of a product depends on its price and cost of production. Thus, it can be said that supply is the function of price and cost of production. These factors that influence the supply are called the determinants of supply.
07/10/2019
What is Supply?
Supply is an economic principle can be defined as the quantity of a product that a seller is willing to offer in the market at a particular price within specific time. The supply of a product is influenced by various determinants, such as price, cost of production, government policies, and technology.
07/10/2019
Movement and Shift In Demand Curve
Movement in the demand curve is when the commodity experience change in both the quantity demanded and price. The shift in the demand curve is when, the price of the commodity remains constant, but there is a change in quantity demanded due to some other factors.
07/10/2019
Demand Curve
In economics, a demand curve is a graphical presentation of the demand schedule. It is obtained by plotting a demand schedule. The demand schedule can be converted into a demand curve by graphically plotting the different combinations of price and quantity demanded of a product.
07/10/2019
Demand Function
Demand function represents the relationship between the quantity demanded for a commodity (dependent variable) and the price of the commodity (independent variable). There are mainly two types of demand functions: Linear and Non Linear function.
07/10/2019
Demand Schedule
In economics, a demand schedule is a tabular representation of different quantities of commodities that consumers are willing to purchase at a specific price and time while other factors are constant. The demand schedule is of two types: Individual Demand Schedule and Market Demand Schedule.
07/10/2019
Law of Demand
The law of demand is given as, “If the price of a product falls, its quantity demanded increases and if the price of the commodity rises, its quantity demanded falls, other things remaining constant.”
07/10/2019
Law of Demand
Determinants of Demand
Determinants of demand are the factors that influence the decision of consumers to purchase a product or service. What drives demand? In economics, there are 10 determinants of demand for individual and market.
07/10/2019
Types of Demand in Economics
Demand refers to the willingness or effective desire of individuals to buy a product supported by their purchasing power. Demand is generally classified based on various factors.
07/10/2019
Demand in Economics
In economics, Demand is a relationship between various possible prices of a product and the quantities purchased by the buyer at each price. In this relationship, price is an independent variable and the quantity demanded is the dependent variable.
07/10/2019
Inflation in Economics
Inflation can be defined as the persistent increase in the price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. If the rise in prices exceeds the rise in output, the situation is called inflationary situation.
07/10/2019
Business Cycle
The Business Cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the fluctuations in economic activities or rise and fall movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. Business Cycle can also help you make better financial decisions.
07/10/2019
Laws of Economics
Marshall gave laws of economics definition as Laws of Economics or statements of economic tendencies, are those social laws, which relate to branches of conduct in which the strength of the motives chiefly concerned can be measured by money price.
07/10/2019
Difference Between Micro and Macro Economics
Economics is divided into two branches, namely: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics deals with the economic problems of a single industry or organisation, while macroeconomics deals with the problems of an economy as a whole.
07/10/2019
What is Business Economics?
Business Economics is playing an important role in our daily economic life and business practices. Organisations face many problems on a day to day basis. For example, organisations are always concerned with producing maximum output in the most economical way.
07/10/2019
Scope of Economics
Earlier, the scope of economics was limited to the utilisation of scarce resources to meet the needs and wants of people and society. Over the years, the scope of economics has been broadened to many areas.
07/10/2019
Nature of Economics
Similar to the economics definition, there are a number of controversial issues related to its nature of economics. Some economists consider economics as a science, or economics as a social science while others have a believe economics as an art.
07/10/2019
What is Economics?
Economics is the science that deals with production, exchange and consumption of various commodities in economic systems. It shows how scarce resources can be used to increase wealth and human welfare.
07/10/2019
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation
Expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management in 1964. Vroom's Expectancy Theory separates effort, performance and outcomes. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory has assumed four assumptions. Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence.
06/10/2019
Herzberg Two Factor Theory
Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, also known as the two-factor theory and dual-factor theory was coined by Frederick Herzberg in 1959. He argues that there are two factors that influence the motivation of the employee in the organization.
06/10/2019
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory in psychology in 1940. Maslow categorized the five needs into higher and lower orders. Lower-order: Physiological and safety. Higher-order needs: Social, esteem, and self-actualization.
04/10/2019
Motivation Theories
Motivation is an inner psychological force which activates and compares the person to behave in a particular manner. Motivation theories are categories into two: content and process theories.
01/10/2019
What is Motivation?
Motivation is defined as inner burning passion caused by need, wants and desire which propels an individual to exert his physical and mental energy to achieve desired objectives. Motivation is goal-directed behavior.
28/09/2019
What is Motivation
What is Attitude?
Attitudes are evaluation statements either favourable or unfavourable or unfavourable concerning objects, people or events. They reflect how one feels about something.
26/09/2019
Attitude
Theories of Learning
Theories of learning have been developed as models of learning which explain the learning process by which employees acquire a pattern of behavior. Four Theories of Learning are: Classical conditioning theory, Operant conditioning theory, Cognitive learning theory, Social learning theory.
24/09/2019
Theories of Learning
What is Learning?
Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience. There are two primary elements in learning definition: The change must be relatively permanent and change must occur due to some kind of experience or practice.
22/09/2019
Learning
What is Perception?
Perception is the process by which a person interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. It is a cognitive process by which people attend to incoming stimuli, organise and interpret such stimuli into behaviour.
20/09/2019
What is Perception
Theories of Personality
Personality is a pattern of stable states and characteristics of a person that influences his or her behaviour toward goal achievement. There are four theories of personality: psychoanalytic theory, type theories, trait theories, self theory.
18/09/2019
Theories of Personality
Personality
The word personality is derived from a Greek word “persona” which means “to speak through.” Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that forms a person’s unique identity. It signifies the role which a person plays in public.
16/09/2019
What is Organizational Behavior?
A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and structures on behaviour within organisations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an Organisation's effectiveness.
14/09/2019
Organizational Behavior
14 OD Interventions | Type, Meaning, Process, Importance
OD interventions are the building blocks which are the planned activities designed to improve the organisation’s functioning through the participation of the organisational members. OD innervations include team development, laboratory training, managerial grid training, brainstorming and intergroup team building.
11/09/2019
Planned Change | Process, Theory, Models
Planned change or developmental change is undertaken to improve the current way of operating. It is a calculated change, initiated to achieve a certain desirable output/performance and to make the organization more responsive to internal and external demands.
09/09/2019
Organizational Development
Organization Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's 'processes,' using behavioral-science knowledge.
08/09/2019
What is a BCG matrix? Example, Advantages, Limitations
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a simple corporate planning tool, to assess a company’s position in terms of its product range. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a portfolio management tool created in 1970 by Bruce Henderson. It is also referred to as the BCG growth-share matrix.
05/09/2019
What is Value Chain Analysis?
The value chain model is also known as Porter’s Value Chain model. Analysis is a business management tool that was developed by Michael Porter and described in his popular book Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance in 1985.
22/08/2019
What is Strategic Management Process? Models, Steps, Importance
Strategic management process is a method by which managers conceive of and implement a strategy that can lead to sustainable competitive advantage. It is the process of managing, planning, and analyzing in order to reach all organizational goals.
20/08/2019
What is Strategic Management? Characteristics, Risk, Benefits
Strategic management can be described as the identification of the purpose of the organisation and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose. It is that set of managerial decisions and actions that determine the long-term performance of a business enterprise.
18/08/2019
What is Brand Equity? Components, Importance, Examples
Brand equity is the value of the brand in the marketplace. We can say, the total accumulated value or worth of a brand. Financial accountants define brand equity as the total value of a brand as a separable asset and often called brand valuation or brand value.
16/08/2019
Customer Based Brand Equity | Keller’s brand equity model
Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model is also known as Keller's Brand Equity Model. CBBE concept is that the power of a brand lies in what customers have learned, felt, seen, and heard about the brand as a result of their experiences over time.
14/08/2019
4 Steps of Strategic Brand Management Process
Strategic brand management process involves the design and implementation of marketing programs and activities to build, measure, and message brand equity. Strategic brand management process has four main steps .
13/08/2019
What is Brand Management | Importance, Definition, Challenges, Functions
Brand Management is the function of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the product’s perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity. The process of maintaining, improving, and upholding a brand so that the name is associated with positive results.
12/08/2019
Methods of Pricing & Strategies
Majorly there are four methods for pricing determination strategies: 1. Cost based pricing 2. Break-Even Concept 3. Demand based pricing 4. Pricing related to the market.
11/08/2019
7 Stages of New Product Development Process
New product development process plays a crucial role in deciding the future of the organisation. Every product has a life of its own and it becomes obsolete after a certain period of time. It is essential to develop new products or alter or improve the existing ones to meet the oft-changing customer needs.
10/08/2019
Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting is an attempt to estimate the future level of demand on the basis of past as well as present knowledge and experience, to avoid both under production and overproduction. Without forecasting, forward planning will be directionless and meaningless.
09/08/2019
Business Buyer Behaviour- Type, Process, Factors, Roles
The buying behaviour of organizations that buy goods and services for use in the production of other products and services that are sold, rented or supplied to others. Organisational buying is also called institutional buying and when the products are used in their own production process, the buying process is called industrial buying.
08/08/2019
Consumer Behaviour – Classification, Importance, Stages
Consumer behaviour refers to the actions of consumers in the market place and the underlying motives for those actions. Marketers expect that by understanding what causes consumers to buy particular goods and services they will be able to determine which products are needed in the market place, which is obsolete, and how best to present the goods to the consumers.
07/08/2019
Marketing Environment – Meaning, Components, Importance
Marketing Environment is the combination of Internal factors and the External factors and forces outside marketing that affect top-level management’s ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with its target customers.
06/08/2019
Marketing Management Process
Marketing management process consists of four key stages, namely Market analysis, Marketing planning, Implementation of the marketing program, Control of the total marketing efforts.
05/08/2019
Marketing Concept: 5 Philosophy of Marketing Management
Marketing Concept is the philosophy that an organization should analyze the needs of their consumers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs, better than the competition. There are five different marketing concepts: Production, Product, Selling, Marketing, Social Marketing Concept.
03/08/2019
Philosophy of Marketing Management
Marketing Mix – 4ps: Definition, Example, Importance
Marketing Mix: The set of controllable tactical marketing tools – product, price, place and promotion – that the firm blends to produce the desired response in the target market. The mix consists of 4Ps, product, price, place and promotion.
30/07/2019
Market Segmentation
Market Segmentation is the sub-dividing of a market into homogeneous subsets of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected on a market target to be reached with a distinct marketing mix. Types of market segmentation are geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation.
18/07/2019
CASE Tools | Software Engineering
A CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools mean any tool used to automate some activity associated with software development. Some of these CASE tools assist in phase-related tasks such as specification, structured analysis, design, coding, testing etc.
07/07/2019
Risk Management | Software Engineering
Risk management aims at reducing the chances of a risk becoming real as well as reducing the impact of risk that becomes real. Three activities in risk management are risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation.
07/07/2019
COCOMO Model | Software Engineering
COCOMO (Constructive Cost Estimation Model) model was proposed by Boehm (1981). According to Boehm, software cost estimation should be done through three stages: Basic COCOMO, Intermediate COCOMO, and Complete COCOMO.
07/07/2019
Software Maintenance | Software Engineering
Software maintenance is the process of modifying a software system or component after delivery to correct faults, improve performances or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment.
07/07/2019
What is an Entrepreneur | Definition, Types, Qualities
An entrepreneur is one who always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity. Innovation is the basic tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for different business of service.
06/07/2019
Importance of Entrepreneurship | Function, Types, Characteristics
Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business along with any of its risk in order to make a profit. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs.
28/06/2019
Cohesion and Coupling | Software Engineering
A good software design implies clean decomposition of the problem into modules and the neat arrangement of these modules in a hierarchy. The primary characteristics of neat module decomposition are low coupling and high cohesion. Cohesion is a measure of functional strength of a module.
17/06/2019
Software Design | Software Engineering
Software design deals with transforming the client requirements, as described in the SRS document, into a form (set of documents) that is suitable for implementation in a programming language.
17/06/2019
Analysis Modeling | Software Engineering
At a technical level, software engineering begins with a series of modeling tasks that lead to a complete specification of requirements and a comprehensive design representation for the software to be built. The first technical representation of a system which is the analysis model, actually a set of models. There have been many methods proposed for analysis modeling.
31/05/2019
Software Requirement Specification (SRS) | Software Engineering
A software requirement specification (SRS) is a comprehensive information/description of a product/system to be developed with its functional and non-functional requirements. The software requirement specification (SRS) is developed based on the agreement between customer and supplier.
31/05/2019
Requirements Elicitation | Software Engineering
The requirements elicitation and specification phase starts when the feasibility study phase is completed and the project is found to be technically and feasible. The goal of the requirements analysis and specification phase is to understand client requirements and to systematically organize these requirements in a specification document.
31/05/2019
Evolutionary Model | Software Engineering
Evolutionary model is also referred to as the successive versions model and sometimes as the incremental model. In Evolutionary model, the software requirement is first broken down into several modules (or functional units) that can be incrementally constructed and delivered.
26/05/2019
Spiral Model | Software Engineering
The spiral model is a software process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model. Barry Boehm mentioned the Spiral model in this paper (1986).
26/05/2019