Artificial Intelligence PDF | Notes, Syllabus | B Tech M Tech 2021

Download Artificial Intelligence PDF, Notes, syllabus for B Tech, BCA, MCA 2020. We provide a complete artificial intelligence (AI) notes pdf. Artificial Intelligence lecture notes include artificial intelligence notes, artificial intelligence book, artificial intelligence courses, artificial intelligence syllabus, artificial intelligence question paper, MCQ, case study, artificial intelligence interview questions and available in artificial intelligence pdf form.

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Artificial Intelligence Notes can be downloaded in artificial intelligence pdf from the below article

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Artificial Intelligence Syllabus

Detailed artificial intelligence syllabus as prescribed by various Universities and colleges in India are as under. You can download the syllabus in artificial intelligence pdf form.

Introduction

• Definitions Artificial Intelligence, Intelligence, Intelligent behaviour, Understanding AI, Hard or Strong AI, Soft or Weak AI, Cognitive Science.
  
  
• Goals of AI General AI Goal, Engineering based AI Goal, Science-based AI Goal.
  
  
• AI Approaches Cognitive science, Laws of thought, Turing Test, Rational agent.
  
  
• AI Techniques Techniques that make system to behave as Intelligent, Describe and match, Goal reduction, Constraint satisfaction, Tree Searching, Generate and test, Rule based systems, Biology-inspired AI techniques Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, Reinforcement learning.
  
  
• Branches of AI Logical AI, Search in AI, Pattern Recognition, Knowledge Representation, Inference, Commonsense knowledge and reasoning, Learning, Planning, Epistemology, Ontology, Heuristics, Genetic programming.
  
  
• Applications of AI Game playing, Speech Recognition, Understanding Natural Language, Computer Vision, Expert Systems.

Problem Solving, Search Strategies

• General Problem Solving Problem solving definitions: problem space, problem-solving, state space, state change, the structure of state space, problem solution, problem description; Examples of problem definition.
  
  
• Search and Control Strategies Search related terms: algorithm’s performance and complexity, computational complexity, “Big – o” notations, tree structure, stacks and queues; Search: search algorithms, hierarchical representation, search space, the formal statement, search notations, estimate cost and heuristic function; Control strategies: strategies for search, forward and backward chaining.
  
  
• Exhaustive Searches Depth-first search Algorithm; Breadth-first search Algorithm; Compare depth-first and breadth-first search;
  
  
• Heuristic Search Techniques Characteristics of heuristic search; Heuristic search compared with another search; Example of heuristic search; Types of heuristic search algorithms
  
  
• Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) and Models Examples of CSPs; Constraint Satisfaction Models: Generate and Test, Backtracking algorithm, Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) : definition, properties and algorithms.

Knowledge Representation

• Knowledge Representation Introduction – Knowledge Progression, KR model, category: typology map, type, relationship, framework, mapping, forward & backward representation, KR system requirements; KR schemes – relational, inheritable, inferential, declarative, procedural; KR issues – attributes, relationship, granularity.
  
  
• KR Using Predicate Logic Logic as language; Logic representation : Propositional logic, statements, variables, symbols, connective, truth value, contingencies, tautologies, contradictions, antecedent, consequent, argument; Predicate logic – predicate, logic expressions, quantifiers, formula; Representing “IsA” and “Instance” relationships; Computable functions and predicates; Resolution.
  
  
• KR Using Rules Types of Rules – declarative, procedural, meta rules; Procedural verses declarative knowledge & language; Logic programming – characteristics, statement, language, syntax & terminology, Data components – simple & structured data objects, Program Components – clause, predicate, sentence, subject, queries; Programming paradigms – models of computation, imperative model, functional model, logic model; Reasoning – Forward and backward chaining, conflict resolution; Control knowledge.

Reasoning System

• Reasoning: Definitions Reasoning, formal logic and informal logic, uncertainty, monotonic logic, non-monotonic Logic; Methods of reasoning and examples – deductive, inductive, abductive, analogy; Sources of uncertainty; Reasoning and KR; Approaches to reasoning – symbolic, statistical and fuzzy.
  
  
• Symbolic Reasoning: Non-monotonic reasoning – Default Reasoning, Circumscription, Truth Maintenance Systems; Implementation issues.
  
  
• Statistical Reasoning: Glossary of terms; Probability and Bayes’ theorem – probability, Bayes’ theorem, examples; Certainty factors rule-based systems; Bayesian networks and certainty factors – Bayesian networks; Dempster Shafer theory – model, belief and plausibility, calculus, combining beliefs; Fuzzy logic – description, membership.

Game Theory

• Overview Definition of Game, Game theory, Relevance of Game theory and Game plying, Glossary of terms – Game, Player, Strategy, Zero-Sum game, Constant-Sum game, Nonzero-Sum game, Prisoner’s dilemma, N-Person Game, Utility function, Mixed strategies, Expected payoff, Mini-Max theorem, Saddle point; Taxonomy of games.
  
  
• Mini-Max Search Procedure Formalizing game: General and a Tic-Tac-Toe game, Evaluation function; MINI-MAX Technique: Game Trees, Mini-Max algorithm.
  
  
• Game Playing with Mini-Max Example: Tic-Tac-Toe – Moves, Static evaluation, Back-up the evaluations, Evaluation obtained.
  
  
• Alpha-Beta Pruning Alpha-cutoff, Beta-cutoff
  

Learning System

• What is Learning Definition, learning agents, components of the learning system; Paradigms of machine learning.
  
  
• Rote Learning Learning by memorization, Learning something by repeating.
  
  
• Learning from Example: Induction Winston’s learning, Version spaces -learning algorithm (generalization and specialization tree), Decision trees – ID3 algorithm.
  
  
• Explanation Based Learning (EBL) General approach, EBL architecture, EBL system, Generalization problem, Explanation structure.
  
  
• Discovery Theory drove – AM system, Data driven – BACON system
  
  
• Clustering Distance functions, K-mean clustering – algorithm.
  
  
• Analogy: Neural net and Genetic Learning Neural Net – Perceptron; Genetic learning – Genetic Algorithm.
  
  
• Reinforcement Learning RL Problem: Agent – environment interaction, key Features; RL tasks, Markov system, Markov decision processes, Agent’s learning task, Policy, Reward function, Maximize reward, Value functions.

Expert Systems

• Introduction Expert system components and human interfaces, expert system characteristics, expert system features.
  
  
• Knowledge Acquisition Issues and techniques.
  
  
• Knowledge Base Representing and using domain knowledge – IF-THEN rules, semantic network, frames.
  
  
• Working Memory
  
  
• Inference Engine Forward chaining – data-driven approach, backward chaining – goal-driven approach, tree searches – DFS, BFS.
  
  
• Expert System Shells Shell components and description.
  
  
• Explanation Example, types of explanation
  
  
• Application of Expert Systems

Neural Networks

• Introduction Why neural network ?, Research history, Biological neuron model, Artificial neuron model, Notations, Functions.
  
  
• Model of Artificial Neuron McCulloch-Pitts Neuron Equation, Artificial neuron – basic elements, Activation functions – threshold function, piecewise linear function, sigmoidal function.
  
  
• Neural Network Architectures Single-layer feed-forward network, Multilayer feed-forward network, Recurrent networks.
  
  
• Learning Methods in Neural Networks Classification of learning algorithms, Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning, Reinforced learning, Hebbian Learning, Gradient descent learning, Competitive learning, Stochastic learning.
  
  
• Single-Layer NN System Single-layer perceptron: learning algorithm for training, linearly separable task, XOR Problem, learning algorithm; ADAptive LINear Element (ADALINE): architecture, training mechanism
  
  
• Applications of Neural Networks Clustering, Classification/pattern recognition, Function approximation, Prediction systems.

Fundamentals of Genetic Algorithms

• Introduction Why genetic algorithms, Optimization, Search optimization algorithm; Evolutionary algorithm (EAs); Genetic Algorithms (GAs): Biological background, Search space, Working principles, Basic genetic algorithm, Flow chart for Genetic programming.
  
  
• Encoding Binary Encoding, Value Encoding, Permutation Encoding, and Tree Encoding.
  
  
• Operators of Genetic Algorithm Reproduction or selection: Roulette wheel selection, Boltzmann selection; fitness function; Crossover: one-Point crossover, two-Point crossover, uniform crossover, arithmetic, heuristic; Mutation: flip bit, boundary, non-uniform, uniform, Gaussian.
  
  
• Basic Genetic Algorithm Solved examples: maximize function f(x) = x2 and two bar pendulum.

Natural Language Processing

• Introduction Natural language: Definition, Processing, Formal language, Linguistic and language processing, Terms related to linguistic analysis, Grammatical structure of utterances – sentence, constituents, phrases, classifications and structural rules.
  
  
• Syntactic Processing: Context-free grammar (CFG) – Terminal, Non-terminal and start symbols; Parser.
  
  
• Semantic and Pragmatic

Common Sense

• Introduction Common sense knowledge and reasoning, How to teach commonsense to a computer.
  
  
• Formalization of Common Sense Reasoning Initial attempts of late 60’s and early, Renewed attempts in late 70’s and 80’s to recent time.
  
  
• Physical World Modeling the qualitative world, Reasoning with qualitative information.
  
  
• Common Sense Ontologies Time, Space, Material.
  
  
• Memory Organization Short term memory (STM), Long term memory (LTM).

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Artificial Intelligence PDF

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Artificial Intelligence Notes

What is Artificial Intelligence?

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Artificial Intelligence Interview Questions

Some of the artificial intelligence interview questions are mentioned below. You can download the QnA in artificial intelligence pdf form.

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Artificial Intelligence Question Paper

If you have already studied the artificial intelligence notes, now it’s time to move ahead and go through previous year artificial intelligence question paper.

It will help you to understand question paper pattern and type of artificial intelligence questions and answers asked in B Tech, BCA, MCA, M Tech artificial intelligence exam. You can download the syllabus in artificial intelligence pdf form.

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Artificial Intelligence Book

Below is the list of artificial intelligence book recommended by the top university in India.

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In the above article, a student can download artificial intelligence notes for B Tech, BCA, MCA, M Tech. Artificial Intelligence lecture notes and study material includes artificial intelligence notes, artificial intelligence books, artificial intelligence syllabus, artificial intelligence question paper, artificial intelligence case study, artificial intelligence interview questions, artificial intelligence courses in artificial intelligence pdf form.